Monoscopic photogrammetry to obtain 3D models by a mobile device: A method for making facial prostheses

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study is to present the development of a new technique to obtain 3D models using photogrammetry by a mobile device and free software, as a method for making digital facial impressions of patients with maxillofacial defects for the final purpose of 3D printing of facial prostheses.MethodsWith the use of a mobile device, free software and a photo capture protocol, 2D captures of the anatomy of a patient with a facial defect were transformed into a 3D model. The resultant digital models were evaluated for visual and technical integrity. The technical process and resultant models were described and analyzed for technical and clinical usability.ResultsGenerating 3D models to make digital face impressions was possible by the use of photogrammetry with photos taken by a mobile device. The facial anatomy of the patient was reproduced by a *.3dp and a *.stl file with no major irregularities. 3D printing was possible.ConclusionsAn alternative method for capturing facial anatomy is possible using a mobile device for the purpose of obtaining and designing 3D models for facial rehabilitation. Further studies must be realized to compare 3D modeling among different techniques and systems.Clinical implicationFree software and low cost equipment could be a feasible solution to obtain 3D models for making digital face impressions for maxillofacial prostheses, improving access for clinical centers that do not have high cost technology considered as a prior acquisition.

Quality of life assessment of patients utilizing orbital implant‐supported prostheses

“…19,22,23 Another important point of the study was related to patient selfconfidence and the views of others regarding their prostheses. Currently, with technological developments as, for example, 3D photography, digital impressions of the remaining eye might be used to allow virtual planning and create 3D models.…”

“…3,5,10 In an attempt to reduce the time and costs of the procedures studies have shown that the techniques can be performed in a single stage surgery or using accessible 3D technologies which benefits patients with sociodemographic and transport difficulties. 10,19 Addressing the expectation of patients is another important aspect in the selection of cases for rehabilitation. The preliminary assessment is critical since the identification of patients that will not adapt to wearing prostheses can often be made based on a psychological approach.…”

“…These improvements could end in prostheses closer to high patient expectations. 19,22,23 Another important point of the study was related to patient selfconfidence and the views of others regarding their prostheses. Clinical report of patients reflected their fear that an outside observer identifies them only as a "defective being," or a carrier of an abnormality.…”

Maxillofacial prostheses challenges in resource constrained regions

“…Most maxillofacial prosthetists have training in dental technology followed by post-qualification training in a maxillofacial department [55]. A highly trained and skilled specialist is required to sculpt a form accurately replicating the lost anatomy and to handle the time consuming technical fabrication process [56]. The lack of training programmes necessitates training modules to be developed although it is not obligatory to follow the training programmes found in developed countries.…”

“…The facial impression process is required to record the anatomic area of defect. Commonly experienced challenges whilst taking impressions are technical sensitivity of the material, working time, setting time; training and experience needed to handle the materials; weight of impression material can cause the residual tissue to deform, which can lead to distortion; economic cost of large usage of impression material [53,56,51].…”