Monte Carlo simulation of gold nanoparticles for X-ray enhancement application

Dheyab, Mohammed Ali; Aziz, Azlan Abdul; Jameel, Mahmood S.; Rahman, Azhar Abdul; Ashour, Nabeel Ibrahim; Musa, Ahmed Sadeq; Braim, Farhank Saber

doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130318

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…These amounts in some cases were just slightly lower than the lethal dose-50% (LD 50 ~ 3.2 g/kg). Nonetheless, this study demonstrated proof-of-principle and led to many investigations of AuNPs as radiosensitizers, including Monte Carlo (MC) dose simulations, studies of their radiosensitizing effects in vitro by decreasing the clonogenic survival (CS) of cancer cells exposed to XRT, and in vivo studies of tumour growth inhibition combined with XRT (Dheyab et al 2023 ; Hainfeld et al 2008 ; Her et al 2017 ). The radiosensitization properties of AuNPs are defined by a dose-enhancement factor (DEF) which is the radiobiological effect (e.g.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 91%

Radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment: a scientific journey and view of the landscape

Reilly,

Georgiou,

Brown

et al. 2024

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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Background Radiation nanomedicines are nanoparticles labeled with radionuclides that emit α- or β-particles or Auger electrons for cancer treatment. We describe here our 15 years scientific journey studying locally-administered radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We further present a view of the radiation nanomedicine landscape by reviewing research reported by other groups. Main body Gold nanoparticles were studied initially for radiosensitization of breast cancer to X-radiation therapy. These nanoparticles were labeled with 111In to assess their biodistribution after intratumoural vs. intravenous injection. Intravenous injection was limited by high liver and spleen uptake and low tumour uptake, while intratumoural injection provided high tumour uptake but low normal tissue uptake. Further, [111In]In-labeled gold nanoparticles modified with trastuzumab and injected iintratumourally exhibited strong tumour growth inhibition in mice with subcutaneous HER2-positive human breast cancer xenografts. In subsequent studies, strong tumour growth inhibition in mice was achieved without normal tissue toxicity in mice with human breast cancer xenografts injected intratumourally with gold nanoparticles labeled with β-particle emitting 177Lu and modified with panitumumab or trastuzumab to specifically bind EGFR or HER2, respectively. A nanoparticle depot (nanodepot) was designed to incorporate and deliver radiolabeled gold nanoparticles to tumours using brachytherapy needle insertion techniques. Treatment of mice with s.c. 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma tumours with a nanodepot incorporating [90Y]Y-labeled gold nanoparticles inserted into one tumour arrested tumour growth and caused an abscopal growth-inhibitory effect on a distant second tumour. Convection-enhanced delivery of [177Lu]Lu-AuNPs to orthotopic human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumours in mice arrested tumour growth without normal tissue toxicity. Other groups have explored radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment in preclinical animal tumour xenograft models using gold nanoparticles, liposomes, block copolymer micelles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, cellulose nanocrystals or iron oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were labeled with radionuclides emitting Auger electrons (111In, 99mTc, 125I, 103Pd, 193mPt, 195mPt), β-particles (177Lu, 186Re, 188Re, 90Y, 198Au, 131I) or α-particles (225Ac, 213Bi, 212Pb, 211At, 223Ra). These studies employed intravenous or intratumoural injection or convection enhanced delivery. Local administration of these radiation nanomedicines was most effective and minimized normal tissue toxicity. Conclusions Radiation nanomedicines have shown great promise for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Local intratumoural administration avoids sequestration by the liver and spleen and is most effective for treating tumours, while minimizing normal tissue toxicity.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 91%

Radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment: a scientific journey and view of the landscape

Reilly,

Georgiou,

Brown

et al. 2024

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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Enhancing X‐Ray Sensitization with Multifunctional Nanoparticles

Liu,

Wu,

Chen

et al. 2024

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In the progression of X‐ray‐based radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer, the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) has a transformative impact. This study investigates the potential of NPs, particularly those comprised of high atomic number elements, as radiosensitizers. This aims to optimize localized radiation doses within tumors, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while preserving surrounding tissues. The multifaceted applications of NPs in radiotherapy encompass collaborative interactions with chemotherapeutic, immunotherapeutic, and targeted pharmaceuticals, along with contributions to photodynamic/photothermal therapy, imaging enhancement, and the integration of artificial intelligence technology. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, the paper acknowledges challenges in the clinical translation of these findings. The conclusion maintains an optimistic stance, emphasizing ongoing trials and technological advancements that bolster personalized treatment approaches. The paper advocates for continuous research and clinical validation, envisioning the integration of NPs as a revolutionary paradigm in cancer therapy, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.

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