Monte Carlo Simulations of Heat Deposition during Photothermal Skin Cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles

Jeynes, Jonathan C. G.; Wordingham, Freddy; Moran, Laura J.; Curnow, Alison; Harries, Tim J.

doi:10.3390/biom9080343

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Since nanoparticle (NP) shape and material determine its absorption spectra, the nanoparticles could be customized to provide additional absorption at the applied laser wavelength, thus enhancing the absorption contrast upon target delivery. Gold-based nanostructures constitute one of the most popular objects for therapeutic applications and were shown to be efficient both in experiments [14][15][16] and in numerical simulations [16][17][18]. Owing to plasmon resonance properties, these structures were demonstrated to provide a pronounced contrast in both optical scattering and absorption, even at relatively low concentrations [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to plasmon resonance properties, these structures were demonstrated to provide a pronounced contrast in both optical scattering and absorption, even at relatively low concentrations [19][20][21]. To simulate laser heating of the tissues with embedded gold NPs, the Monte Carlo technique [16,17] is often employed, providing good agreement of calculated temperature distributions and experimental results for nanorods [16] and core-shell [17] gold nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Biodegradable and low-toxic silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have potential in different biomedical applications. Previous experimental studies revealed the efficiency of some types of SiNPs in tumor hyperthermia. To analyse the feasibility of employing SiNPs produced by the laser ablation of silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol as agents for laser tumor hyperthermia, we numerically simulated effects of heating a millimeter-size nodal basal-cell carcinoma with embedded nanoparticles by continuous-wave laser radiation at 633 nm. Based on scanning electron microscopy data for the synthesized SiNPs size distributions, we used Mie theory to calculate their optical properties and carried out Monte Carlo simulations of light absorption inside the tumor, with and without the embedded nanoparticles, followed by an evaluation of local temperature increase based on the bioheat transfer equation. Given the same mass concentration, SiNPs obtained by the laser ablation of silicon nanowires in ethanol (eSiNPs) are characterized by smaller absorption and scattering coefficients compared to those synthesized in water (wSiNPs). In contrast, wSiNPs embedded in the tumor provide a lower overall temperature increase than eSiNPs due to the effect of shielding the laser irradiation by the highly absorbing wSiNPs-containing region at the top of the tumor. Effective tumor hyperthermia (temperature increase above 42 °C) can be performed with eSiNPs at nanoparticle mass concentrations of 3 mg/mL and higher, provided that the neighboring healthy tissues remain underheated at the applied irradiation power. The use of a laser beam with the diameter fitting the size of the tumor allows to obtain a higher temperature contrast between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues compared to the case when the beam diameter exceeds the tumor size at the comparable power.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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“…The current "gold standard" of modeling light transport in turbid media is the Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) method. MCRT can model light transport in arbitrary 3D geometries and model several micro-physics phenomena such as Raman scattering [6,7], fluorescence [8,9], polarization [10,11,12], and has been applied to problems ranging from light propagation in dynamic fluid systems [13,14] to simulating thermal gradients in illuminated tissue [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meshless Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer Method for Curved Geometries using Signed Distance Functions

McMillan¹,

Bruce²,

Dholakia³

2021

Preprint

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Significance: Monte Carlo radiation transfer (MCRT) is the gold standard of modeling light transport in turbid media. Typical MCRT models use voxels or meshes to approximate experimental geometry. A voxel based geometry does not allow for the accurate modeling of smooth curved surfaces, such as may be found in biological systems or food and drink packaging.Aim: We present our algorithm which we term signedMCRT (sMCRT), a new geometry-based method which uses signed distance functions (SDF) to represent the geometry of the model. SDFs are capable of modeling smooth curved surfaces accurately whilst also modeling complex geometries.Approach: We show that using SDFs to represent the problem's geometry is more accurate and can be faster than voxel based methods. sMCRT, can easily be incorporated into existing voxel based models.Results: sMCRT is validated against theoretical expressions, and other voxel based MCRT codes. We show that sMCRT can accurately model arbitrary complex geometries such as microvascular vessel network using SDFs. In comparison to the current state-of-the-art in MCRT methods specifically for curved surfaces, sMCRT is up-to forty-five times more accurate.Conclusions: sMCRT is a highly accurate, fast MCRT method that outperforms comparable voxel based models due to its ability to model smooth curved surfaces. sMCRT is up-to three times faster than a voxel model for equivalent scenarios. sMCRT is publicly available at https://github.com/ lewisfish/signedMCRT.

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“…Singh et al [16] investigated the effects of different laser parameters during the treatment of vascularized tissues using gold nanoshells-mediated PTT. Jeynes et al [17] examined the effectiveness of GNR-assisted PTT for eradicating skin cancer, while Manuchehrabadi and Zhu [18] focused on the development of computational models that facilitated the protocol design for treating prostate cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of natural convection on gold nanorods-assisted photothermal treatment of bladder cancer in mice

Ooi

Popov²,

Alfano

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hyperthermia

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Background: The thermally-induced urine flow can generate cooling that may alter the treatment outcome during hyperthermic treatments of bladder cancer. This paper investigates the effects of natural convection inside the bladder and at skin surface during gold nanorods (GNR) -assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) of bladder cancer in mice. Methods: 3D models of mouse bladder at orientations corresponding to the mouse positioned on its back, its side and its abdomen were examined. Numerical simulations were carried out for GNR volume fractions of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01% and laser power of 0.2 and 0.3 W. Results: The obtained results showed that cooling due to natural convection inside the bladder and above the skin depends on the mouse orientation. For a mouse positioned on its back, on its side or on its abdomen, the maximum temperature achieved inside the tumour at 0.001% GNR volume fraction and 0.2 W laser power was 55.2 C, 50.0 C and 52.2 C, respectively compared to 56.8 C when natural convection was not considered. The average thermal gradients when natural convection was considered were also lower, suggesting a more homogenous temperature distribution. Conclusions: Natural convection inside the bladder can be beneficial but also detrimental to GNRassisted PTT depending on the level of heating. At low levels of heating due to low GNR volume fraction and/or laser power, flow inside the bladder may dissipate heat from the targeted tissue; making the treatment ineffective. At high levels of heating due to high GNR volume fraction and/or laser power, cooling may prevent excessive thermal damage to surrounding tissues.

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Monte Carlo Simulations of Heat Deposition during Photothermal Skin Cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles

Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles

Meshless Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer Method for Curved Geometries using Signed Distance Functions

Influence of natural convection on gold nanorods-assisted photothermal treatment of bladder cancer in mice

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