Moran's I test of spatial panel data model — Based on bootstrap method

Ren, Tongxian; Zhi-he, Long; Zhang, Rengui; Chen, Qingqing

doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2014.04.022

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Spatial autocorrelation among the fatality rates of the countries/territories was examined using a multivariate linear regression model and the Moran’s I test. 40 The autocorrelation was visualised using the Matérn correlation coefficient. 41 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 case-fatality rate and demographic and socioeconomic influencers: worldwide spatial regression analysis based on country-level data

2020

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ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the COVID-19 case-fatality rate (CFR) globally.DesignPublicly available register-based ecological study.SettingTwo hundred and nine countries/territories in the world.ParticipantsAggregated data including 10 445 656 confirmed COVID-19 cases.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCOVID-19 CFR and crude cause-specific death rate were calculated using country-level data from the Our World in Data website.ResultsThe average of country/territory-specific COVID-19 CFR is about 2%–3% worldwide and higher than previously reported at 0.7%–1.3%. A doubling in size of a population is associated with a 0.48% (95% CI 0.25% to 0.70%) increase in COVID-19 CFR, and a doubling in the proportion of female smokers is associated with a 0.55% (95% CI 0.09% to 1.02%) increase in COVID-19 CFR. The open testing policies are associated with a 2.23% (95% CI 0.21% to 4.25%) decrease in CFR. The strictness of anti-COVID-19 measures was not statistically significantly associated with CFR overall, but the higher Stringency Index was associated with higher CFR in higher-income countries with active testing policies (regression coefficient beta=0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27). Inverse associations were found between cardiovascular disease death rate and diabetes prevalence and CFR.ConclusionThe association between population size and COVID-19 CFR may imply the healthcare strain and lower treatment efficiency in countries with large populations. The observed association between smoking in women and COVID-19 CFR might be due to the finding that the proportion of female smokers reflected broadly the income level of a country. When testing is warranted and healthcare resources are sufficient, strict quarantine and/or lockdown measures might result in excess deaths in underprivileged populations. Spatial dependence and temporal trends in the data should be taken into account in global joint strategy and/or policy making against the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 case-fatality rate and demographic and socioeconomic influencers: worldwide spatial regression analysis based on country-level data

2020

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“…Moran's I for row‐standardized weight matrices is given by

I_{t} = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{N} \sum_{j = 1}^{N} w_{ij} ((), y_{it} - {\overset{false¯}{y}}_{t}) ((), y_{jt} - {\overset{false¯}{y}}_{t})}{\sum_{i = 1}^{N} {(y_{italicit} - {\overset{y}{true}}_{t})}^{2}}, t = 1, \dots, T .

The measure was developed for a cross‐section of data so that we have to compute it repeatedly for each year, indicated by the subscript t . Unfortunately, there is no distributional theory available for Moran's I calculated from count data, but we can employ a bootstrap procedure to obtain inferential statements (Jin & Lee, 2015; Lin et al, 2011; Ren et al, 2014). To do so, we draw elements of our variable of interest, place it randomly on our map, and recompute Moran's I .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting a copycat effect in school shootings using spatio‐temporal panel count models

Schweikert

Huth

Gius

2021

Contemporary Economic Policy

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School shootings are often motivated by the perpetrators' desire for media attention and notoriety. As school shootings receive intense regional and national media coverage, a high likelihood for copycat attacks can be expected. We investigate whether a copycat effect can be detected in US state‐level school shooting data from 1990 to 2017. We do so by estimating spatio‐temporal panel count models and control for socio‐economic characteristics, as well as state and Federal gun control laws. Positive spatial and temporal dependence indicate that the risk for additional school shootings in the same and neighboring states increases after the initial attack.

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“…This feature violates the assumption of independence among observations upon which many regression analyses are applied. Spatial autocorrelation among the fatality rates of the countries/territories was examined using a multivariate linear regression model and the Moran’s I test (Ren et al 2014). The autocorrelation was visualized using the Matern correlation coefficient (Matérn 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 case-fatality rate and demographic and socioeconomic influencers: a worldwide spatial regression analysis based on country-level data

Cao

Hiyoshi

Montgomery

2020

Preprint

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We used the COVID-19 dataset obtained from the Our World in Data website and investigated the associations between COVID-19 CFR and nine country-level indices of 209 countries/territories using the Matern correlation regression model. Spatial dependence among the data was controlled using the latitude and longitude of the centroid of the countries/territories. Stratified analyses were conducted by economic level and COVID-19 testing policy. The average of country/territory-specific COVID-19 CFR is about 2-3% worldwide, which is higher than previously reported at 0.7-1.3%. Statistically significant associations were observed between COVID-19 CFR and population size and proportion of female smokers. The open testing policies are associated with decreased CFR. Strictness of anti-COVID-19 measures was not statistically significantly associated with CFR overall, but the higher stringency index was associated with higher CFR in higher income countries with active testing policies. The statistically significant association between population size and COVID-19 CRF suggests the healthcare strain and lower treatment efficiency in countries with large populations. The observed association between smoking in females and COVID-19 CFR might be due to that the proportion of female smokers reflected broadly income level of a country. When testing is warranted and healthcare resources are sufficient, strict quarantine and/or lockdown measures might result in excess deaths in underprivileged populations.

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Moran's I test of spatial panel data model — Based on bootstrap method

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

COVID-19 case-fatality rate and demographic and socioeconomic influencers: worldwide spatial regression analysis based on country-level data

COVID-19 case-fatality rate and demographic and socioeconomic influencers: worldwide spatial regression analysis based on country-level data

Detecting a copycat effect in school shootings using spatio‐temporal panel count models

COVID-19 case-fatality rate and demographic and socioeconomic influencers: a worldwide spatial regression analysis based on country-level data

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