Morbidity among employees engaged in the manufacture or formulation of chlorpyrifos.

Brenner, F E; Bond, Gregory G.; McLaren, Elsie A.; Green, S; Cook, Ralph R.

doi:10.1136/oem.46.2.133

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Brenner et al (1989) evaluated the prevalence of certain illnesses and symptoms in 175 employees involved in the production of chlorpyrifos. The occupational cohort was subdivided into three exposure intensity groups based on air-monitoring data and job title.…”

Section: Iia3 Absorption Via Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment

Eaton¹,

Daroff²,

Autrup³

et al. 2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

576

413

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Section: Iia3 Absorption Via Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment

Eaton¹,

Daroff²,

Autrup³

et al. 2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

576

413

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“…12 No significant diVerences in illness or symptom prevalence were found between the potentially exposed and unexposed groups. The authors noted that the small sample size available for the study limited the statistical power.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Update of the morbidity experience of employees potentially exposed to chlorpyrifos.

et al. 1998

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Objectives-Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate ingredient of several important insecticides, has been manufactured at The Dow Chemical Company for 25 years. A previous morbidity study among employees of The Dow Chemical Company found no increased prevalence of illness or symptoms among employees potentially exposed to chlorpyrifos from 1977 to 1985 compared with matched controls. The purpose of the current study was to update the original study to 1994, thereby increasing the statistical power. Methods-In the present study, 496 potentially exposed subjects were identified and matched for age, race, sex, pay, and year of hire to 911 control subjects. Morbidity data were abstracted from company medical records. Results-The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was not significantly increased among this group of employees potentially exposed to chlorpyrifos. Significantly increased prevalence odds ratios were identified for five diagnostic categories: diseases of the ear and mastoid process; acute respiratory infections; other diseases of the respiratory system; general symptoms, signs, and ill defined conditions; and symptoms, signs, and ill defined conditions involving the digestive system. There was a strong association of diagnosis with duration of observation period, indicating that the exposed workers were more likely than unexposed workers to have a diagnosis abstracted from the company medical records due to their longer mean period of follow up. Analyses by exposure classification and mean plasma cholinesterase activity did not show a dose response. Conclusions-These data do not support a cause and eVect relation of the diagnoses mentioned and exposure to chlorpyrifos. (Occup Environ Med 1998;55:65-70)

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“…As with other organophosphate compounds, the principal action of chlorpyrifos is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with sufficiently high doses producing a cholinergic response (Brenner et al, 1989). Plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase are depressed by smaller doses of chlorpyrifos than those that inhibit brain cholinesterase or produce signs of toxicity (McCollister et al, 1984).…”

Section: Chlorpyrifosmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the use of uncertainty factors in deriving RfDS for some chlorinated compounds

Kadry

Skowronski

Abdel‐Rahman

1995

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Risk assessment of exposure to chemicals having a toxic endpoint routinely uses the reference dose (RfD) approach based on uncertainty factors of 10. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether the magnitude of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 10x uncertainty factors has scientific merit when compared with data from recent human and animal experimental studies. A compilation and comparison of ratios between LOAEL/NOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level/no observed adverse effect level) and subchronic/chronic values was made for six chlorinated compounds, namely, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, pentachlorophenol, monochlorobenzene, chlorpyrifos, and 1,1-dichloroethane. Data sets demonstrated that 91.3% of the LOAEL/NOAEL ratios were < or = 6 while 87% of the ratios for the same parameter were < or = 5. Furthermore, subchronic/chronic ratios were < or = 3.5. From our investigation we concluded that automatic safety factors of 10x are not scientifically supportable and are overly conservative for the chlorinated compounds studied here.

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Morbidity among employees engaged in the manufacture or formulation of chlorpyrifos.

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment

Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment

Update of the morbidity experience of employees potentially exposed to chlorpyrifos.

Evaluation of the use of uncertainty factors in deriving RfDS for some chlorinated compounds

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