The purpose of the study was to analyze mortality from diseases of the digestive system in the Gomel region for the period 2009-2019. Intensive and extensive mortality rates of the population from diseases of the digestive system were analyzed. Differences in the compared indicators were considered statistically significant with a Student’s t-test value of ≥ 2 and a significance р-level ≤ 0.05. From the data obtained, it was established that during the analyzed period there was no statistically significant trend in the increase in mortality rates of the Gomel region population from diseases of the digestive system in general, as well as among people of working age and older than working age. The mortality rate of the rural population of the Gomel region from diseases of the digestive system is 1.5 times higher than the mortality rate of the urban population. In the structure of mortality causes of the Gomel region population from diseases of the digestive system, including urban and rural populations, liver diseases (fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, except alcoholic) are in first place, vascular diseases of the intestine are in second place, acute pancreatitis and other diseases of the pancreas are in third place, in fourth place alcoholic liver diseases (cirrhosis, hepatitis, fibrosis), followed by duodenal ulcers, stomach ulcers and other diseases of the digestive system. Since liver diseases (fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, except alcoholic) are in the first place in these categories of the population, the main attention should be paid to primary prevention at all levels: rational and balanced nutrition, quality of medical care through high-quality clinical examination, timely diagnosis, effective treatment and rehabilitation.