Morbidity and mortality resulting from acute inhalation exposures to hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl fluoride in rats

Abstract

These experiments suggest that hydrolysis to HF cannot solely explain COF toxicity. Although HF and COF may have common injury mechanisms, they are expressed to markedly different degrees and temporal occurrence.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Transformation of Carbamoyl Fluorides, Fluoroformates, and Their Analogues

“…Since O=CF 2 is a highly toxic gas, [18] efforts have been devoted to the development of alternative reagents or processes for avoiding the direct use of O=CF 2 as the starting material for the synthesis of carbamoyl fluorides and their derivatives [19–22] . In 2019, König et al.…”

“…Since O=CF 2 is a highly toxic gas, [18] efforts have been devoted to the development of alternative reagents or processes for avoiding the direct use of O=CF 2 as the starting material for the synthesis of carbamoyl fluorides and their derivatives. [19][20][21][22] In 2019, König et al developed a visible lightmediated procedure for the synthesis of carbamates, carbonates and urea derivatives (36) from amines (34) with the benchstable and commercially available 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzonitrile (35) (Scheme 5).…”

The potential of thermal desorption‐GC/MS‐based analytical methods for the unambiguous identification and quantification of perfluoroisobutene and carbonyl fluoride in air samples

“…Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), carbonyl fluoride (COF 2 ), and carbonyl dichloride (phosgene, COCl 2 ) are all highly toxic gases that can cause irritation of mucous membranes, inflammatory responses, respiratory distress, and pulmonary edema [1][2][3][4]. It is understood that their primary toxicological activity results from acylation reactions with nucleophilic moieties such as thiols, hydroxyls, and amines in the respiratory epithelium.…”

“…It is understood that their primary toxicological activity results from acylation reactions with nucleophilic moieties such as thiols, hydroxyls, and amines in the respiratory epithelium. No antidotes are available and treatment is principally supportive and relies on management of the symptoms [1,5]. PFIB and COF 2 may form during combustion of materials such as polyfluorinated organic compounds, batteries, and fluorinated fire suppressants or thermal degradation of such materials [6,7], while phosgene may arise from the combustion of organochlorine compounds [8].…”

“…It is understood that their primary toxicological activity results from acylation reactions with nucleophilic moieties such as thiols, hydroxyls, and amines in the respiratory epithelium. No antidotes are available and treatment is principally supportive and relies on management of the symptoms [1, 5].…”