Morbidity in Relation to Intensity of Infection in Opisthorchiasis Viverrini: Study of A Community in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Upatham, E. S.; Viyanant, Vithoon; Kurathong, S; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Menaruchi, A.; Saowakontha, Sastri; Intarakhao, Chalor; Vajrasthira, S; Warren, K. S.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.1156

Cited by 54 publications

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“…The intensity of infection (faecal egg output) in both males and females rises steadily in early life, reaches highest in the 55-64 years age group (2.21 per populations), the reported cases were found common in 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65+, 1.48, 2.06, 2.21 and 1.43 per population, respectively ( Figure 1C). This figure showed similarity with a previous study, however, Upatham et al reported the highest in the 35-44 years age [14,21] . Loaharanu and Sornmani estimated the total direct cost of the infected work force (between the age of 15 and 60-yearold) in northeast Thailand to be Baht 2115 million per annum (wage loss = Baht 1620 million; direct cost of medical care = Baht 495 million) [42] .…”

Section: Report Cases Of Opisthorchiasis By Age-group Sex and Occupasupporting

confidence: 81%

“…O. viverrini infection was determined with an overall prevalence of 94%, and reaching 100% prevalence in most age groups above the age of 10 years. Peak intensity in both males and females occurred at age 40 and above [21] . In 1980-1981 the prevalence in the north, northeast, centre and south of Thailand was 5.59, 34.60, 6.34, and 0.01%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 14% or 7 million people [22] .…”

Section: Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: Review and current status

Kaewpitoon¹,

Kaewpitoon²,

Pengsaa³

2008

WJG

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Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini ) remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The infection is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. The liver fluke infection was induced by eating raw or uncooked fish products that is the tradition and popular in the northeastern and northern region, particularly in rural areas of Thailand. Health education programs to prevent and control opisthorchiasis are still required in high-risk areas.

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Section: Report Cases Of Opisthorchiasis By Age-group Sex and Occupasupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: Review and current status

Kaewpitoon¹,

Kaewpitoon²,

Pengsaa³

2008

WJG

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“…The findings do not conflict with previous reports that there are positive associations between egg counts and the frequency of signs and symptoms of liver and gall bladder diseases and cholangiocarcinoma (Upatham et al 1982;Elkins et al 1990). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Relationship between faecal egg count and worm burden of Opisthorchis viverrini in human autopsy cases

et al. 1991

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The relationship between faecal examination for egg output and worm burden of Opisthorchis viverrini in man of 181 autopsy cases from Northeast Thailand is described. Diagnosis of the parasite infection by stool examination for the presence of eggs was less sensitive than the worm recovery technique. Using Stoll's dilution and formalin-ether technique, no eggs were detected in the faeces of 20 cases harbouring low worm burdens (less than 20 worms). The quantitative faecal egg count by Stoll's dilution technique showed a strikingly close positive correlation with the number of worms recovered (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) indicating a strong linear association between eggs per gram of faeces (epg) and worm burden. The number of epg per worm was inversely correlated to the worm burden (P less than 0.001), suggesting that density-dependent constraints on fecundity could operate to restrict egg output in heavy infections. The accuracy of egg counts for estimating worm burden and its relevance to parasite epidemiological research are discussed.

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“…Most people acquire the infection by eating raw, fermented or improperly cooked freshwater cyprinoid fish, in traditionally prepared meals (Tesana et al, 1986;WHO, 1995). Those infected develop chronic hepato-biliary and gall-bladder diseases, often with fatigue and pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen (Upatham et al, 1982(Upatham et al, , 1984. The fluke is significantly linked with cholangiocarcinoma, and the incidence of this cancer reaches its highest level in northeastern Thailand, where O. viverrini is particularly common (Vatanasapt et al, 1990;Sriamporn et al, 2004).…”

Section: Human Infection With the Trematodementioning

confidence: 97%

The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG₄in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand

Tesana

Srisawangwong

Sithithaworn

et al. 2007

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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The levels of correlation between the number of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs excreted in the faeces and levels of anti-Opisthorchis IgG and IgG(4) in the serum and urine (as indicated by absorbances in ELISA) have recently been evaluated in north-eastern Thailand. The 225 subjects investigated in detail, all of whom came from an endemic village in Chaiyaphum province, were selected on the basis of the numbers of O. viverrini eggs that they were excreting. ELISA based on a crude antigen extract of the trematode were then used to determine the levels of specific IgG and IgG(4) in serum and urine samples. Compared with the egg-negative, the villagers who were found to be egg-positive for O. viverrini had significantly higher levels of specific IgG in their urine and serum and significantly higher levels of specific IgG(4) in their serum. The serum levels of specific IgG and IgG(4) and the urine levels of specific IgG all correlated with the numbers of O. viverrini eggs/g faeces [with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.251, 0.121 and 0.142, respectively]. Although the serum levels of IgG were positively correlated with the urine levels of IgG (r=0.098), there was no significant relationship between the serum and urine levels of specific IgG(4) (r=0.051). When the 225 subjects investigated in the ELISA were divided according to whether they had no detectable Opisthorchis eggs in their faeces (N=57), or 1-100 (N=154), 101-1000 (N=5), 1001-1500 (N=5) or >1501 (N=4) eggs/g faeces, the serum and urine levels of specific IgG and the serum (but not urine) levels of specific IgG4 were also found to correlate significantly with the infection-intensity categories (with r-values of 0.550, 0.146 and 0.578, respectively). When the results of the faecal examinations were treated as the 'gold standard', the ELISA for the detection of (Opisthorchis-specific) serum IgG, serum IgG(4), urine IgG and urine IgG(4) had sensitivities of 99.2%, 23.1%, 43.0% and 45.9% and specificities of 93.0%, 29.6%, 45.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Although the study was limited by the small number of subjects with intense infections, it appears worth investigating urine samples for subclasses of specific IgG other than IgG(4).

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Morbidity in Relation to Intensity of Infection in Opisthorchiasis Viverrini: Study of A Community in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: Review and current status

Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: Review and current status

Relationship between faecal egg count and worm burden of Opisthorchis viverrini in human autopsy cases

The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG₄in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand

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Morbidity in Relation to Intensity of Infection in Opisthorchiasis Viverrini: Study of A Community in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: Review and current status

Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: Review and current status

Relationship between faecal egg count and worm burden of Opisthorchis viverrini in human autopsy cases

The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG4in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand

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The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG₄in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand