Morbidity, mortality and spatial distribution of meningococcal disease, 1974–2007

Howitz, Michael; Lambertsen, Lotte; Simonsen, Jacob; Christensen, Jens Jørgen; Mølbak, Kåre

doi:10.1017/s0950268809002428

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this period, a total of 105 patients are registered. The incidence of meningococcal meningitis in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 0.7 to 1.6 per 100 000 inhabitants, and is similar to data from the European Union where the incidence ranged from 1.0 to 1.9 per 100 000 for Hungary, Austria, France and Belgium (19,20,21). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The outcome of the disease in most patients was favorable, and the largest number of patients discharged home as cured or improved. Today in the world there are efforts to reduce the incidence of the disease by vaccination (19,21). Thus, in the last few years register are various vaccines for strains A, C, Y and W135, which showed quite good results in countries where they are applied by significantly reduced incidence of meningococcal serogroup C induced, and serogroup A, Yi W135 meningitis (22, 23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Meningitis in the Area of Zenica-Doboj Canton in Period from 2008 to 2012

Aličković

Čalkić

Tandir

et al. 2014

Med Arh

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Introduction:Meningococcal meningitis now represents a significant public health problem, not only in developing countries but also in developed ones. The disease usually occurs sporadically, and much less in smaller epidemics.Material and methods:We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in the area of Zenica-Doboj Canton in the five-year period from 2008 to 2012th. In total there were 38 reported and hospitalized patients, with an average of 7-8 patients per year.Results:Most commonly disease occurred in infants and young children (28.9%). The highest number was recorded in 2011, 10 cases or (26.3%). Most patients in the monitored period were registered in the municipality of Zenica–12 cases (31.6%) and Zepce 8 cases (21.1%). All hospitalized patients were sporadic cases, there has never been an epidemic in the observed period.Conclusions:Epidemic Meningitis is a very serious disease and a significant public health problem that requires a serious medical scientific approach for its resolution, primarily in finding adequate vaccine and its administration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Meningitis in the Area of Zenica-Doboj Canton in Period from 2008 to 2012

Aličković

Čalkić

Tandir

et al. 2014

Med Arh

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“…Several factors may contribute to the discrepancy between rates of infection and rates of encephalitis-associated hospitalization. Possibilities include increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) disease in elderly individuals infected with meningococcus, as well as increased severity of illness in the elderly resulting in a higher percentage who are hospitalized, supported by the higher case fatality rate among older individuals [32], [33]. Nevertheless, these data suggest that the elderly, in addition to the very young and teenagers, are at risk for severe, invasive CNS meningococcal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis Hospitalization Rates and Inpatient Mortality in the United States, 2000-2010

2014

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BackgroundEncephalitis rates by etiology and acute-phase outcomes for encephalitis in the 21st century are largely unknown. We sought to evaluate cause-specific rates of encephalitis hospitalizations and predictors of inpatient mortality in the United States.MethodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2000 to 2010, a retrospective observational study of 238,567 patients (mean [SD] age, 44.8 [24.0] years) hospitalized within non-federal, acute care hospitals in the U.S. with a diagnosis of encephalitis was conducted. Hospitalization rates were calculated using population-level estimates of disease from the NIS and population estimates from the United States Census Bureau. Adjusted odds of mortality were calculated for patients included in the study.ResultsIn the U.S. from 2000–2010, there were 7.3±0.2 encephalitis hospitalizations per 100,000 population (95% CI: 7.1–7.6). Encephalitis hospitalization rates were highest among females (7.6±0.2 per 100,000) and those <1 year and >65 years of age with rates of 13.5±0.9 and 14.1±0.4 per 100,000, respectively. Etiology was unknown for approximately 50% of cases. Among patients with identified etiology, viral causes were most common (48.2%), followed by Other Specified causes (32.5%), which included predominantly autoimmune conditions. The most common infectious agents were herpes simplex virus, toxoplasma, and West Nile virus. Comorbid HIV infection was present in 7.7% of hospitalizations. Average length of stay was 11.2 days with mortality of 5.6%. In regression analysis, patients with comorbid HIV/AIDS or cancer had increased odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.30–2.22 and OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.88–2.71, respectively). Enteroviral, postinfectious, toxic, and Other Specified causes were associated with lower odds vs. herpes simplex encephalitis.ConclusionsWhile encephalitis and encephalitis-related mortality impose a considerable burden in the U.S. in the 21st Century, the reported demographics of hospitalized encephalitis patients may be changing.

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“…Scandinavia Howitz et al (2009) Denmark 1974-2007 Annual incidence ranged between approximately 1 and 5 per 100,000 population [91] Gottfredsson et al…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe from the mid-20th to the early 21st Century

Kriz¹,

Wieffer²,

Holl

et al. 2011

Expert Review of Vaccines

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The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe since 1945 has shown fluctuations in incidence, serogroup distribution and case-fatality rate. Outbreaks and epidemics driven by the introduction of new virulent strains into Europe have occurred unpredictably. Epidemics associated with serogroups A and B have occurred in all regions of the continent. Additionally, there have been periods of increased outbreak frequency, such as those associated with serogroup C in the 1980s and 1990s, against an endemic disease incidence of around one to two cases per 100,000 population. Serogroup W135 disease was observed in the 1970s and again in 2000, while serogroup Y has recently emerged in Sweden and the Czech Republic. This article describes the changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe. An understanding of this is important for informed decision-making about different meningococcal vaccines that may be considered for use in Europe.

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Morbidity, mortality and spatial distribution of meningococcal disease, 1974–2007

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Epidemiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Meningitis in the Area of Zenica-Doboj Canton in Period from 2008 to 2012

Epidemiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Meningitis in the Area of Zenica-Doboj Canton in Period from 2008 to 2012

Encephalitis Hospitalization Rates and Inpatient Mortality in the United States, 2000-2010

Changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe from the mid-20th to the early 21st Century

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