Morbillivirus infection in Risso’s dolphin Grampus griseus: a phylogenetic and pathological study of cases from the Canary Islands

Sierra, Eva; Fernández, Antonio; Zucca, Daniele; Câmara, Nakita; Felipe-Jiménez, Idaira; Suárez-Santana, Cristian; Quirós, Yara Bernaldo de; Díaz‐Delgado, Josué; Arbelo, Manuel

doi:10.3354/dao03248

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Morbilliviral antigen was more frequently detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes of the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, caudal brainstem, and spinal cord. These results are largely in agreement with previous studies [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 20 , 21 , 46 ]. This study is the first to employ double IHC labeling to address the origin of neuroglial cells harboring morbilliviral antigen in FFPE cetacean tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…CeMV is showing a steady host and geographic range expansion, but precise measurements of CeMV incidence and mortality are lacking [ 1 , 8 , 46 ]. There is almost a complete lack of clinico-epidemiological information on most CeMV-infected dolphins [ 37 ], so determining the precise chronology and progression of pathologic changes is difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans

et al. 2019

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Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a major natural cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans worldwide and results in epidemic and endemic fatalities. The pathogenesis of CeMV has not been fully elucidated, and questions remain regarding tissue tropism and the mechanisms of immunosuppression. We compared the histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical features in molecularly confirmed CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from the Southwestern Atlantic (Brazil) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Northeast-Central Atlantic (Canary Islands, Spain) and the Western Mediterranean Sea (Italy). Major emphasis was placed on the central nervous system (CNS), including neuroanatomical distribution of lesions, and the lymphoid system and lung were also examined. Eleven Guiana dolphins, 13 striped dolphins, and 3 bottlenose dolphins were selected by defined criteria. CeMV infections showed a remarkable neurotropism in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, while this was a rare feature in CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins. Neuroanatomical distribution of lesions in dolphins stranded in the Canary Islands revealed a consistent involvement of the cerebrum, thalamus, and cerebellum, followed by caudal brainstem and spinal cord. In most cases, Guiana dolphins had more severe lung lesions. The lymphoid system was involved in all three species, with consistent lymphoid depletion. Multinucleate giant cells/syncytia and characteristic viral inclusion bodies were variably observed in these organs. Overall, there was widespread lymphohistiocytic, epithelial, and neuronal/neuroglial viral antigen immunolabeling with some individual, host species, and CeMV strain differences. Preexisting and opportunistic infections were common, particularly endoparasitism, followed by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. These results contribute to understanding CeMV infections in susceptible cetacean hosts in relation to factors such as CeMV strains and geographic locations, thereby establishing the basis for future neuro- and immunopathological comparative investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans

et al. 2019

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“…no. KX512398) [ 66 ] according to the phylogenetic analysis of the F gene). This information seems to support a previous hypothesis of a cross-species infection [ 15 , 44 , 61 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of Cetacean Morbillivirus in Beaked Whales Stranded in the Canary Islands (1999–2017)

Felipe-Jiménez

Fernandez

Hernández

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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A retrospective survey for detecting the cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) was carried out in beaked whales (BWs) stranded in the Canary Islands (1999–2017). CeMV is responsible for causing worldwide epizootic events with the highest mass die-offs in cetaceans, although the epidemic status of the Canarian Archipelago seems to be that of an endemic situation. A total of 319 tissue samples from 55 BWs (35 Cuvier’s BWs and 20 specimens belonging to the Mesoplodon genus) were subjected to the amplification of a fragment of the fusion protein (F) and/or phosphoprotein (P) genes of CeMV by means of one or more of three polymerase chain reactions (PCR). RNA integrity could not be demonstrated in samples from 11 animals. Positivity (dolphin morbillivirus strain (DMV)) was detected in the skin sample of only a subadult male Cuvier’s BW stranded in 2002, being the earliest confirmed occurrence of DMV in the Cuvier’s BW species. The obtained P gene sequence showed the closest relationship with other DMVs detected in a striped dolphin stranded in the Canary Islands in the same year. A phylogenetic analysis supports a previous hypothesis of a cross-species infection and the existence of the circulation of endemic DMV strains in the Atlantic Ocean similar to those later detected in the North-East Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the South-West Pacific.

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“…Tissues cultured and respective results are recorded in S3 Table . PCR analysis for detection of CeMV and HV followed published protocols and have been partially published [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathologic findings and causes of death of stranded cetaceans in the Canary Islands (2006-2012)

et al. 2018

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This study describes the pathologic findings and most probable causes of death (CD) of 224 cetaceans stranded along the coastline of the Canary Islands (Spain) over a 7-year period, 2006–2012. Most probable CD, grouped as pathologic categories (PCs), was identified in 208/224 (92.8%) examined animals. Within natural PCs, those associated with good nutritional status represented 70/208 (33.6%), whereas, those associated with significant loss of nutritional status represented 49/208 (23.5%). Fatal intra- and interspecific traumatic interactions were 37/208 (17.8%). Vessel collisions included 24/208 (11.5%). Neonatal/perinatal pathology involved 13/208 (6.2%). Fatal interaction with fishing activities comprised 10/208 (4.8%). Within anthropogenic PCs, foreign body-associated pathology represented 5/208 (2.4%). A CD could not be determined in 16/208 (7.7%) cases. Natural PCs were dominated by infectious and parasitic disease processes. Herein, our results suggest that between 2006 and 2012, in the Canary Islands, direct human activity appeared responsible for 19% of cetaceans deaths, while natural pathologies accounted for 81%. These results, integrating novel findings and published reports, aid in delineating baseline knowledge on cetacean pathology and may be of value to rehabilitators, caregivers, diagnosticians and future conservation policies.

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Morbillivirus infection in Risso’s dolphin Grampus griseus: a phylogenetic and pathological study of cases from the Canary Islands

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans

Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans

Molecular Diagnosis of Cetacean Morbillivirus in Beaked Whales Stranded in the Canary Islands (1999–2017)

Pathologic findings and causes of death of stranded cetaceans in the Canary Islands (2006-2012)

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