More than meets the eye: Varicella zoster virus-related orbital apex syndrome

Jun, Lim Hui; Gupta, Arvind; Miléa, Dan; Jaufeerally, Fazlur

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_592_18

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Orbital apex syndrome is a rare complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and tends to have a predilection for immunocompromised patients 12. The possible pathogenic mechanisms are13,14 Direct cytopathic effect of the virusImmune-mediated tissue damageInflammatory edema causing compression and ischemia…”

Section: Etiopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Orbital Apex Syndrome: A Review</p>

Badakere

Patil-Chhablani

2019

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Orbital apex syndrome is characterized by vision loss from optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia due to the involvement of ocular motor nerves in the anatomical region of the orbital apex. Patients could present with signs and symptoms deriving from the involvement of structures within the orbital apex, the superior orbital fissure or the cavernous sinus. The primary focus of the ophthalmologist should be to locate the lesion and then identify its etiology. Clinical evaluation holds key to diagnosis which is aided then by certain serological and lab investigations and neuro-imaging modalities including brain and orbital MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) with contrast, CT (Computed Tomography) scans. In rare instances, a biopsy may be needed to aid in diagnosis. Treatment depends on what the nature of the lesion is with inflammatory conditions usually responding to steroids and infections to anti-microbial agents. Through this review, the authors attempt to decode the approach to localizing the lesion, the etiopathology and the management of cases of orbital apex syndrome

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