Morfometria e distribuição de leite alveolar e cisternal na glândula mamária de vacas Holandesa e Girolanda

Abstract

RESUMOEstudaram-se a distribuição do leite nas porções alveolar e cisternal e a morfometria da glândula mamária de 14 vacas, sete da raça Holandesa, grupo H, e sete da Girolanda, grupo G, com ordem e dias de lactação semelhantes, ordenhadas duas vezes ao dia. A produção de leite foi mensurada diariamente, enquanto as frações de leite cisternal e alveolar foram medidas uma vez por semana. Durante o experimento, também foram realizadas medidas de ultrassonografia e morfometria da glândula mamária. As vacas Girolandas apresentaram úberes e tetos maiores que as vacas Holandesas. Diâmetro, espessura da parede e comprimento do canal do teto, medidos por imagens de ultrassom, também foram maiores nas Girolandas, mas a área de cisterna da glândula mamária foi maior nas Holandesas. Não houve diferença na produção de leite e nas frações de leite cisternal e alveolar entre as raças.Palavras-chave: vaca leiteira, lactação, morfometria, ordenha, úbere ABSTRACTThe milk distribution in alveolar and cisternal portions and the mammary gland morphometry were studied using 14 cows, being seven Holstein and seven Girolanda, with same parity and days in lactation, and milked twice a day. Milk yield was measured everyday, whereas alveolar and cisternal fractions were determined once a week. During the experiment, ultrasound scan measurements and morphometrical measures of the mammary gland were also performed. Girolanda cows had udder and teats larger than Holstein cows. Diameter, wall thickness, and length of the teat channel measured from ultrasound images were higher in Girolanda group, but cisternal area of the mammary gland was larger in Holstein cows. No differences in milk yield and cisternal and alveolar milk fractions between the studied breeds were observed.

Milk flow, teat morphology and subclinical mastitis prevalence in Gir cows

“…Ultrasound technique was based on procedures described by Porcionato et al (2009). Ultrasound images were only obtained in the right anterior mammary gland, as Ayadi et al (2003), which showed a high correlation between measurements taken in the four glands and teats.…”

“…Images were scanned using an ultrasound DP 2200VET (Mindray, Shenzhen, China), with a linear transducer (3.5 MHz) cranially positioned directed to the teat. The teats were submerged in a water-filled recipient during the ultrasound scanning, according to Porcionato et al (2009).…”

Mammary Gland Ultrasound Evaluation of Jersey Cattle Breed

“…For the teat exam it was not required to immerse in water or gel [10]. The mucosa of the cistern and wall were well delimited, allowing a perfect view of the examined organ.…”

“…None of the animals showed clinical mastitis in acute phase, only earlier chronic lesions, some not detected on clinical examination, only by ultrasound. In some cases ultrasound allows observe formation of gas, bruising, edema, abscess, atrophy, fibrosis, fistulae and intraluminal obstructions and parenchymal echogenicity changes during infection cases [7,10,11]. When gram negative bacteria are present, greater tissue damage with abscess formation, especially when E. coli is present in the tissue, initially the parenchyma is hyperechoic and gas formation is observed.…”

“…The exam can be used to estimate the area of the cistern of the mammary gland (GM) and teats, diameter, wall thickness and the length of the teats and the connection of these parameters with resistance to mastitis. Ultrasound examination can also reveal structures with different echogenicity, suggesting the occurrence of injuries as mastitis, edema, hematoma, abscess, atrophy and fibrosis, fistulae and intraluminal obstruction [10,11].…”