Morphofunctional characteristics of the heart of adolescent girls who have dynamic physical activity

Abstract

Summary. The article presents the study of the morphofunctional indicators of the heart in adolescent girls who go in for dynamic sports, and their comparison with the indicators of physically inactive peers. Purpose – to determine the features of physical development and morphofunctional indicators of the cardiovascular system in girls 15-17 years old who are engaged in dynamic sports. Materials and methods. 16 girls aged 15-17 years were examined, who had been involved in dynamic sports for a least two years: half of them engaged in basketball and sports dancing, as well as athletics, badminton, football, tennis, swimming, kickboxing. The comparison group consisted of 18 phisically inactive female peers. The examination included an assessment of the state of health, physical activity, anthropometry. The morphofunctional characteristics of the heart were determined using echocardiography (ECHO-CG + Doppler ECHO-CG). Results. The average indicators of the physical development of female athletes did not differ from those of physically inactive girls. 32% of girls in the first group had high growth. Systolic blood pressure in girls of the first group was higher than SBP in hypodynamic girls (p ˂ 0.05), but was within the normal values. Female athletes had significantly larger interventricular septal thickness, systolic size and volume of the left ventricle, myocardial mass and left ventricular ejection fraction than physically inactive girls (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusions. 1. Dynamic sports affect the physical development of adolecsent girls, 32% of them are tall. 2. In girls aged 15-17 who have been involved in dynamic sports for at least two years, there are changes in the morphological and functional characteristics of the heart. This is accompanied by increased systolic function of the left ventricle. These changes are adaptive, which have arisen as a result of regular physical activity. But it is possible that they may also be the initial signs of heart remodeling. 3. Medical supervision of girls with sports loads should include an assessment of the morpho-functional parameters of the heart using an annual instrumental examination. Preserving the health of a sports girls, along with ensuring the development of her physical data and achieving sports success, is the most important task for the joint work of a doctor and a sports coach.