Morphogenesis, Flowering, and Gene Expression of Dendranthema grandiflorum in Response to Shift in Light Quality of Night Interruption

Park, Yoo Gyeong; Muneer, Sowbiya; Jeong, Byoung Ryong

doi:10.3390/ijms160716497

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The precise timing of production is attractive to growers as they can reach counter-seasonal markets where produce may command a higher retail price. Manipulation of the light environment may provide a means to alter developmental transition to flowering, as light quality has been shown to affect the process in fruit crops (Rantanen et al 2014;Yoshida et al 2016) and flowers (Park et al 2015;Tsukamoto et al 2016). In the case where vegetative plant products are desired, such as herbs, specific light treatments can be implemented to suppress flowering or increase biomass (Stagnari et al 2018).…”

Section: Market-timed Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Folta

2018

Plant Biol J

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Agricultural production in controlled environments is increasingly feasible, and may play an important role in providing nutrition and choice to growing urban centres. New technologies in lighting, ventilation, robotics and irrigation are just a few of the innovations that enable production of high-value specialty crops outside of a traditional field setting. However, despite all of the advances in the hardware within the plant factory operation, innovation of the most complex machine has been neglected - the plant itself. Indoor agricultural operations typically rely on legacy varieties, plants selected and bred for field conditions. In the field, phenotypic stability is paramount, as production must be consistent in an unpredictable and changing environment. However, the controlled environment affords focus on different breeding priorities as environmental flux, pests, pathogens and post-harvest quality are less formidable barriers to production. On the contrary, breeding for controlled environments shifts the focus to a completely different set of plant traits, such as rapid growth, performance in low light environments and active manipulation of plant stature. Instead of breeding for phenotypic stability, plants may be bred to maximise genetic plasticity, allowing specific traits to be presented as a function of the quality of the ambient light spectrum. In this scenario plant varieties may be grown with optimal size, supporting a focus on consumer traits like flavour or accumulation of health-related compounds. Gene editing may be a central technology in the production of designer plants for controlled environments. This review considers the opportunity for breeding for controlled environments, with a focus on a revision of priorities for controlled-environment breeders.

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Section: Market-timed Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Folta

2018

Plant Biol J

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“…With regard to the B:FR relationship, it is expected that the highest value (TLD) induced greater activation of cryptochromes against phytochromes. The values of B:FR and R:FR may be related to stem elongation due to the plants' response to blue and FR light (Park et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the quality of artificial light on grafting tomato

Almansa¹,

Chica²,

Lao³

2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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To improve the success of grafted tomato plants, the response under different types of lighting has been evaluated. The lights u sed are compact fluorescent, high efficiency fluorescent, standard fluorescent and pure Blue-Light-Emitting Diodes. The assay was conducted in a culture chamber under the following conditions: temperature (night-day) 17.5/19.8 ºC (0.8 ± 0.2/0.1 ºC), relative humidity 56.44/72.40% (6.65 ± 0.01%) and radiation 92, 70, and 36 Wm -2 . The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grafting method used was tube grafting with a small grafting clip using the cultivars Myla as scion and Maxifort as rootstock. Spectral radiation was measured at canopy level. Fresh and dry biomass in partitioning organs (leaves, stems and roots), Indol Acetic Acid (IAA), proline and reducing sugars were quantified. Standard fluorescent lamps have a very interesting spectral quality for grafting applications due to their B:R (blue:red), B:FR (blue:far red), PAR:NIR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation:Near Infrared) and R:FR (Red:Far Red) ratios; grafted plants under standard fluorescent lamps present lower proline concentrations (990μg per g of fresh weight) and higher sugar concentrations (27μg per g of fresh weight) than plants under other treatments. Furthermore, standard fluorescent lamps ensure the highest stem and root growth as well as an adequate water status.

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“…Following 12 days of acclimatization, the plants (approximately 10.2 cm tall) were subjected to the photoperiodic light treatments. After planting, plants were fertigated with a greenhouse multipurpose nutrient solution formulated as shown in Park et al (2015). A randomized complete block design with 3 replications with 2 plants each was employed.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the individual gene expression values of the treated plants were divided by the mean gene expression level for plants in SD at each sampling date. The methods used for total RNA isolation and semi-quantitative real-time PCR analysis of selected genes were the same as those described in Park et al (2015).…”

Section: Total Rna Isolation Cdna Synthesis and Real-time Polymerasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Night interruption (NI) during short-day (SD) seasons effectively accelerated the flowering of long-day (LD) plants that allowed for an earlier marketing or seed production and, under naturally LD conditions, delayed the flowering of SD plants (Hamamoto et al 2005;Oh et al 2013). Recent studies reported that even low-intensity NI was effective in controlling the flowering of certain plants (Kim et al 2011;Ochiai et al 2015;Park et al 2015). According to the literature, Cymbidium aloifolium L. photosynthesized during a low-intensity, 4-h NI with 3-5 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), an intensity slightly higher than that of moonlight, suggesting that the increased growth and accelerated flowering with NI are attributed to the increased net photosynthesis (Kim et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Both the Quality and Positioning of the Night Interruption Light are Important for Flowering and Plant Extension Growth

Park

Jeong

2019

J Plant Growth Regul

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Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura), a qualitative short-day plant, does not produce flowers when the night length is shorter than a cultivar-dependent critical value. Flowering is effectively inhibited when the required uninterrupted night period is broken by short periods of exposure to night interruption lights (NILs). The effects of the quality and positioning of the NIL on the morphogenesis, flowering, and photoperiodic gene expressions of chrysanthemum were investigated. Blue (NI-B), red (NI-R), far-red (NI-Fr), and white (NI-W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at an intensity of 10 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were used to interrupt the dark period or plants grown in a closed walk-in growth chamber at night for a total of 4 h. The NILs were positioned to illuminate either the shoot tip, youngest mature leaf (vigorously growing third leaf from the shoot tip), or old leaf (third leaf from the stem base). The NI-R on the shoot tip and all NI-Fr treatments increased the plant extension growth, to a similar height observed in plants in long-day (LD) treatments. Extension growth was generally suppressed for plants in the NIB , and plant height was the smallest when NIB was shed onto the old leaf. Plants in all NIL treatments except NI-Fr showed a negative correlation between the plant height and the age of the leaf (or tissue) exposed to the NIL. Flowering was observed for plants in all treatments except for NI-R shed onto the shoot tip. The transcriptional factor PHYA was slightly expressed in plants which showed a flowering response. However, the CRY1, PHYB, and TFL was not expressed to levels reported previously, and the reason for low expression of these genes in these plants may be due to a combined effect of these genes with other flowering promoting and/or inhibiting genes. These results suggest that both the NIL quality and the age of the leaf (or tissue) exposed to the NIL affect the morphogenesis, flowering, and expression of transcriptional factors. Moreover, the previously known effects of the NIL quality on the morphogenesis as well as the vegetative to reproductive phase transition of plants were the most pronounced when the NIL irradiated the shoot tip, and the least pronounced when the NIL was shed onto the old leaf. Therefore, it seems that not only the appropriate quality, but also the appropriate positioning of the NIL, is important for optimizing flowering and plant extension growth.

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Morphogenesis, Flowering, and Gene Expression of Dendranthema grandiflorum in Response to Shift in Light Quality of Night Interruption

Cited by 35 publications

References 54 publications

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Influence of the quality of artificial light on grafting tomato

Both the Quality and Positioning of the Night Interruption Light are Important for Flowering and Plant Extension Growth

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