Morphogenesis of the Spleen During the Human Embryonic Period

Abstract

We aimed to observe morphological changes in the spleen from the emergence of the primordium to the end of the embryonic period using histological serial sections of 228 samples. Between Carnegie stages (CSs) 14 and 17, the spleen was usually recognized as a bulge in the dorsal mesogastrium (DM), and after CS 20, the spleen became apparent. Intrasplenic folds were observed later. A high-density area was first recognized in 6 of the 58 cases at CS 16 and in all cases examined after CS 18. The spleen was recognized neither as a bulge nor as a high-density area at CS 13. The mesothelium was pseudostratified until CS 16 and was replaced with high columnar cells and then with low columnar cells. The basement membrane was obvious after CS 17. The mesenchymal cells differentiated from cells in the DM, and sinus formation started at CS 20. Hematopoietic cells were detected after CS 18. The vessels were observed at CS 14 in the DM. Hilus formation was observed after CS 20. The parallel entries of the arteries and veins were observed at CS 23. The rate of increase in spleen length in relation to that of stomach length along the cranial-caudal direction was 0.51 6 0.11, which remained constant during CSs 19 and 23, indicating that their growths were similar. These data may help to better understand the development of normal human embryos and to detect abnormal embryos in the early stages of development. Anat Rec, 298:820-826, 2015. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Morphometry of Human Cadaveric Spleen: An Institutional Study in the Population of Odisha

“…oval. The percentage of different shapes of spleen differ from Rao et al and hollinshed but very close to Chaware et al [5,8,10] [ [8] Hollinshed WH 1986 [6] Chaware et. al.…”

“…2012 [10] Text book of Gray 41 th Edn [1] Present study In the present study weight of the spleen varied between 50 grams to 300 grams with an average weight of 106 grams and in two specimens weight was less than 50 grams. Which appear lower than the normal range 80 to 300 grams with an average weight of 150 grams reported by previous studies (1,6) this may be due to differences in socio economic status, feeding habits, geographical conditions in the population of odisha. The splenic notches were found in superior and inferior borders.…”

“…During development several lobules form which fused with each other to form the spleen at later stage. In adult the notched superior border of spleen is a foot print of lobulated development of spleen in embryonic period [2,6] . In human the spleen is involved in immunological response aginst blood borne antigen, removal of particulate matter and aged or defective blood cells from circulation.…”

Histological Development of the Immune Tissues of a Marsupial, the Red‐Tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura)

“…Therefore, the histological maturation of these immune tissues must occur during the postpartum period, before the animals reach the age of independence. In contrast, human lymphoid tissues including the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and mucosal‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), including the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), develop and mature prenatally, and these tissues are histologically mature at birth (Ernst, ,b; Gordon and Manley, ; Huff, ; Paessler, ; Paessler and Bourne, ; Russo, ; Endo et al, ).…”

3D Analysis of Human Embryos and Fetuses Using Digitized Datasets From the Kyoto Collection

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