Morphologic and molecular characterization of seven species of the remarkably diverse and widely distributed metopid genus Urostomides Jankowski, 1964 (Armophorea, Ciliophora)

Bourland, William A.; Rotterová, Johana; Čepička, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2017.07.003

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Paraphyly was detected also in Metopus and Nyctotherus (Bourland et al. , ,; da Silva‐Neto et al. ; Li et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), Urostomides Jankowski by a four‐rowed perizonal stripe (Bourland et al. ; Foissner ), and Parametopidium Aescht, 2001 by a double‐rowed paroral membrane (da Silva‐Neto et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the species rich genus Metopus is nonmonophyletic and the family Metopidae is consistently depicted as paraphyletic encompassing the monophyletic order Clevelandellida (Bourland et al. , ,; Li et al. , ,; Lynn and Wright ; da Silva‐Neto et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids

Vďačný

Rajter

Stoeck

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Members of the class Armophorea occur in microaerophilic and anaerobic habitats, including the digestive tract of invertebrates and vertebrates. Phylogenetic kinships of metopid and clevelandellid armophoreans conflict with traditional morphology-based classifications. To reconcile their relationships and understand their morphological evolution and diversification, we utilized the molecular clock theory as well as information contained in the estimated time trees and morphology of extant taxa. The radiation of the last common ancestor of metopids and clevelandellids very likely occurred during the Paleozoic and crown diversification of the endosymbiotic clevelandellids dates back to the Mesozoic. According to diversification analyses, endosymbiotic clevelandellids have higher net diversification rates than predominantly free-living metopids. Their cladogenic success was very likely associated with sharply isolated ecological niches constituted by their hosts. Conflicts between traditional classifications and molecular phylogenies of metopids and clevelandellids very likely come from processes, leading to further diversification without extinction of ancestral lineages as well as from morphological plesiomorphies incorrectly classified as apomorphies. Our study thus suggests that diversification processes and reconstruction of ancestral morphologies improve the understanding of paraphyly which occurs in groups of organisms with an apparently long evolutionary history and when speciation prevails over extinction.

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“…Paraphyly was detected also in Metopus and Nyctotherus (Bourland et al. , ,; da Silva‐Neto et al. ; Li et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), Urostomides Jankowski by a four‐rowed perizonal stripe (Bourland et al. ; Foissner ), and Parametopidium Aescht, 2001 by a double‐rowed paroral membrane (da Silva‐Neto et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids

Vďačný

Rajter

Stoeck

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…Isolation, cultivation and morphology of CSS CSS was originally isolated from the sediment of a pond located in Jet richovice, Czech Republic (50 51 0 N, 14 22 0 E) and is maintained with methods described by Bourland et al, (2017). The morphology of living CSS cells was examined under an Olympus BX51 microscope (Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 18S rRNA gene was amplified from CSS using Armophorida‐specific primers (Bourland et al ., ), and Sanger sequenced (see Supporting Information for details). A phylogenetic tree of 18S rRNA gene sequences was constructed by maximum likelihood in RAxML 8.0.0 (Stamatakis, ) under the GTRGAMMAI model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of an endosymbiotic methanogen is very similar to those of its free‐living relatives

Beinart

Rotterová

Čepička

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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The methanogenic endosymbionts of anaerobic protists represent the only known intracellular archaea, yet, almost nothing is known about genome structure and content in these lineages. Here, an almost complete genome of an intracellular Methanobacterium species was assembled from a metagenome derived from its host ciliate, a Heterometopus species. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the endosymbiont was closely related to free-living Methanobacterium isolates, and when compared with the genomes of free-living Methanobacterium, the endosymbiont did not show significant reduction in genome size or GC content. Additionally, the Methanobacterium endosymbiont genome shared the majority of its genes with its closest relative, though it did also contain unique genes possibly involved in interactions with the host via membrane-associated proteins, the removal of toxic by-products from host metabolism and the production of small signalling molecules. Though anaerobic ciliates have been shown to transmit their endosymbionts to daughter cells during division, the results presented here could suggest that the endosymbiotic Methanobacterium did not experience significant genetic isolation or drift and/or that this lineage was only recently acquired. Altogether, comparative genomic analysis identified genes potentially involved in the establishment and maintenance of the symbiosis, as well provided insight into the genomic consequences for an intracellular archaeum.

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Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis

et al. 2020

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Morphologic and molecular characterization of seven species of the remarkably diverse and widely distributed metopid genus Urostomides Jankowski, 1964 (Armophorea, Ciliophora)

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids

A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids

The genome of an endosymbiotic methanogen is very similar to those of its free‐living relatives

Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis

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