Morphologic, phenotypic, and genotypic similarities between primary tumors and corresponding 3D cultures grown in a repeatable system

Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are the new frontier for reproducing the tumor micro-environment in vitro. The aims of the study were (1) to establish primary 3D cell cultures from canine spontaneous neoplasms and (2) to demonstrate the morphological, phenotypic and genetypic similarities between the primary canine neoplasms and the corresponding 3D cultures, through the expression of tumor differentiation markers. Results: Seven primary tumors were collected, including 4 carcinomas and 3 soft tissue sarcomas. 3D cell cultures reproduced the morphological features of the primary tumors and showed an overlapping immunophenotype of the primary epithelial tumors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the growth of stromal cells and macrophages admixed with the neoplastic epithelial component, reproducing the tumor microenvironment. Mesenchymal 3D cultures reproduced the immunophenotype of the primary tumor completely in 2 out of 3 examined cases while a discordant expression was documented for a single marker in one case. No single nucleotide variants or small indel were detected in TP53 or MDM2 genes, both in primary tumors and in 3D cell cultures specimens. In one sample, MDM2 amplicons were preferentially amplified compared to TP53 ones, indicating amplification of MDM2, detectable both in the primary tumor and in the corresponding cell culture specimen. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate a good cell morphology, phenotype and genetic profile overlap between primary tumors and the corresponding 3D cultures grown in a repeatable system.