Morphological, anatomical, ultrastructural, and histochemical study of flowers and nectaries of Iris sibirica L.

Konarska, Agata

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2022.103288

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The histochemical and fluorescence assays showed the presence of lipid compounds (total lipids, acidic, and neutral lipids) and phenolic compounds (total phenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids) in the tissues and glandular trichomes of the D. moldavica nectary. Various authors also reported the presence of similar groups of metabolites in nectaries of other plant species [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Similar to the present findings, these researchers showed that the metabolites were located in the nectary epidermis and/or parenchyma; next, the compounds penetrated into the secreted nectar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Does the Floral Nectary in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Produce Nectar and Essential Oil? Structure and Histochemistry of the Nectary

Konarska

Weryszko-Chmielewska

Dmitruk

et al. 2022

Biology

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Dracocephalum moldavica is an aromatic plant with a lemon scent and versatile use. Its flowers produce large amounts of nectar, which is collected by bees and bumblebees. The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of the floral nectary in this melliferous plant, which has not been analysed to date. The analyses were carried out with the use of light, fluorescence, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy, as well as histochemical techniques. The four-lobed nectary with a diameter of 0.9–1.2 mm and a maximum height of 1.2 mm is located at the ovary base; one of its lobes is larger than the others and bears 20–30 nectarostomata and 8–9 glandular trichomes. The histochemical assays revealed the presence of essential oil and phenolic compounds in the nectary tissues and in glandular trichomes. The nectary tissues are supplied by xylem- and phloem-containing vascular bundles. The nectariferous parenchyma cells have numerous mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, dictyosomes, ER profiles, vesicles, thin cell walls, and plasmodesmata. Starch grains are present only in the tissues of nectaries in floral buds. The study showed high metabolic activity of D. moldavica nectary glands, i.e., production of not only nectar but also essential oil, which may increase the attractiveness of the flowers to pollinators, inhibit the growth of fungal and bacterial pathogens, and limit pest foraging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Does the Floral Nectary in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Produce Nectar and Essential Oil? Structure and Histochemistry of the Nectary

Konarska

Weryszko-Chmielewska

Dmitruk

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…The smallest populations of this species are present in the Baltic coastal zone, but also throughout Western Pomerania [40]. According to researchers, the reason for the species' declining habitat is the change of grassland into arable land or land for development, the lowering of groundwater levels, flower picking, but also the complete uprooting of plants [41]. Iris graminea is an extinct species in present-day Poland.…”

Section: Galanthus Leucojum Gladiolus and Irismentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Ornamental Geophytes in Poland

Sochacki,

Marciniak,

Zajączkowska

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The protection of biological diversity in nature and in agriculture, including the production of ornamental crops, has become increasingly important in Poland as well as worldwide. The Convention on Biological Diversity, signed in 1992 at the Earth Summit of the UN in Rio de Janeiro and ratified by the Polish government in 1995, imposed new regulations related to the protection of nature and the genetic resources of cultivated crops in Poland. The conservation of the genera, varieties and cultivars of ornamental geophytes—a group of plants of great interest from a botanical and physiological, but also a horticultural point of view—takes place in situ (both in nature and in the places of cultivation) and through the establishment of ex situ gene banks and collections. The natural genetic resources of ornamental geophytes include species from the genera Allium, Fritillaria, Gladiolus, Iris, Leucojum, Lilium and Muscari, among others, and more than a dozen species are protected by law due to varying degrees of threats. Botanical gardens play an essential role in the conservation of endangered species. Their activities focus on genus monitoring, managing ex situ gene banks (including National Collections), developing propagation methods and carrying out their reintroduction. In order to protect the national genetic resources of cultivated plants, the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatisation Institute—National Research Institute, under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, was established. Concerning ornamental geophytes, the National Centre coordinates two field collections of cultivars of the genera Gladiolus, Lilium, Narcissus and Tulipa, which are of great economic importance and have a long tradition of breeding in Poland. The first one is located at the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice (central Poland), and the second one is at the Experimental Substation of Variety Testing in Lisewo (northern Poland). The history of tulip collections in Poland dates back to the 1960s. At that time, the first breeding work for this species began. The collection of bulbous crops in Skierniewice is currently one of the largest in Poland, with a total of 934 accessions. Most of them are tulips (522) and lilies (222). Other plants in the collection in Skierniewice are gladiolus and narcissus. The most valuable accessions are grown under special protection (tunnels with dense nets) to guard against insects and maintain a mild climate inside. The genetic resources of the ornamental bulb plant collection in Lisewo currently consist of 611 accessions, mainly tulips (358), daffodils (121) and gladioli (132). All bulbous crops in both collections (Skierniewice and Lisewo) are grown in accordance with all principles of agrotechnics (negative field selection, fertilisation, soil maintenance). A particularly important task of botanical gardens, universities, research institutes and the National Centre is leading research on the methods of storage for survival organs, in vitro cultures and cryopreservation. We have discovered that the various activities for the species conservation of ornamental geophytes require a great deal of constantly deepening knowledge and extraordinary measures, including frequent monitoring of the effects of the applied measures.

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How can structure and nectar composition explain the secretory process in super productive nuptial nectaries of Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae)?

et al. 2022

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Morphological, anatomical, ultrastructural, and histochemical study of flowers and nectaries of Iris sibirica L.

Cited by 4 publications

References 81 publications

Does the Floral Nectary in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Produce Nectar and Essential Oil? Structure and Histochemistry of the Nectary

Does the Floral Nectary in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Produce Nectar and Essential Oil? Structure and Histochemistry of the Nectary

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Ornamental Geophytes in Poland

How can structure and nectar composition explain the secretory process in super productive nuptial nectaries of Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae)?

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