Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Glycosmis perakensis V.Naray (Rutaceae)

Abstract

There are a number of underexplored plant species from the family of Rutaceae despite their economic importance, including Glycosmis perakensis V.Naray. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to enhance its taxonomic characterization and identification of this plant species by examining the morphology and anatomy of selected parts. The histological procedure for G. perakensis stems and leaves were optimized by increasing the incubation time for the fixation, clearing, and infiltration steps of the standard paraffin embedding method. Different types of stains were also used to identify and differentiate the plant tissues. The anatomy of plant parts such as stem, leaf, and petiole were studied using light microscopy. Pellucid dots and stomata exist on both abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. Statistical analysis on stomatal index and stomatal density showed a significant difference between abaxial and adaxial surfaces. Histological analyses showed the presence of sclerenchyma, collenchyma, and parenchyma cells, vascular bundle, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, and secretory cavities in the plant leaf and stem transverse sections. This is the first study reporting on the histological morphology of stem, petiole, and leaf of G. perakensis. The findings of this study will be a valuable tool for the identification of this plant.

Assessment of variability among molecular and morphological characters of several wild Rutaceae species

“…G. pentaphylla has a compound leaf comprised of 5 to 9 foliates. The leaf has elliptic to lanceolate shapes, alternate, with entire and unlobed margin (Sundrarajoo et al 2022). The morphological variations were also reported among the species under the genus Glycosmis, in terms of number of lea ets, number of ovary within the locule and fruit shape (Yasir et al 2018).…”

Essential Oil of Glycosmis stenocarpa (Drake) Leaves Grown in Hai Duong Province, Vietnam

“…The genus is geographically distributed primarily in the south and southeastern Asia, Taiwan and South China as well as northern Australia and New Guinea, the tropical rainforest of Asia, Africa, Americas [1][2][3]. The shrubs or small trees have pinnate or simple leaves with translucent punctate glands emitting an aromatic odour when crushed [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Among spieces in the genus, some plants have been used as traditional medicine to against many diseases [10][11][12][13].…”

“…Others pharmacological functions of plant in this genus are treatment of cough, stomach pain, fever, liver complaints, jaundice, eczema and diarrhea [16]. These benefits are due to the abundance of phytochemical compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, amides,coumarins, imides, carbazoles, acridone, quinoline and quinazolines, some of them have shown bioactivities such as antiviral, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, mosquito repellent, larvicidal activity [7,[17][18][19][20], etc. Rahman et al [21] reported about G. pentaphylla (Retz.)…”