Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a new record, Tylenchorhynchus zeae, and some known species of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi,1960 and Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 from Iran

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are common in agricultural areas and some can become agents of damage when populations grow above economic threshold levels. Stunt nematodes are among the most investigated plantparasitic nematode groups. There are several classifications for different genera using various morphological characters and authors' views (

Integrative taxonomy, distribution, and host associations of Geocenamus brevidens and Quinisulcius capitatus from southern Alberta, Canada

“…Geraert (2011) mentioned that males were uncommon in G. brevidens ; the Canadian population was also found devoid of males. In the original and subsequent descriptions, the authors did not observe the presence of spermatheca in G. brevidens ( Allen, 1955 ; Alvani et al, 2017 ; Tzortzakakis et al, 2018 ). On the other hand, round-shaped spermathecae were found in the Canadian and Indian populations.…”

“…Additionally, G. brevidens has been found associated with the root lesion nematodes in cultivated cereal fields of Australia (Owen et al, 2010;Thompson et al, 2008). In European and Asian countries, the presence of G. brevidens has been recorded both in agricultural and horticultural fields (Alvani et al, 2017;Castillo et al, 1996;Čermák et al, 2011;Kasapoğlu-Uludamar et al, 2018; Figure 5: Phylogenetic relationships within selected genera of subfamily Telotylenchinae and subfamily Merliniinae as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the ITS of the rRNA gene sequence dataset with the GTR + I + G model (lnL = 10,413.7629; AIC = 21119.5049; freq A = 0.1932; freq C = 0.2202; freq G = 0.2725; freq T = 0.3141; R(a) = 0.8338; R(b) = 3.3701; R(c) = 1.6297; R(d) = 0.6490; R(e) = 3.3701; R(f) = 1.0000). Posterior probability of more than 70% is given for appropriate clades.…”

“…Clade (II) indicates that the Canadian population of G. brevidens grouped with G. brevidens populations from China (MT856989, unpublished), Iran (KP313844, Alvani et al, 2017), South Africa (MN262457, unpublished), Iran (KJ585416, Ghaderi et al, 2014), and Greece (MG770485, Tzortzakakis et al, 2018). However, a few additional populations of G. brevidens from Iran (KP313841, KP313842, KP313843, KP313845, KP313846, Alvani et al, 2017;MN947623, MN947623, unpublished) formed another subclade. The morphological and morphometric Figure 3: Phylogenetic relationships within selected genera of subfamily Telotylenchinae and subfamily Merliniinae as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the 18S of the rRNA gene sequence dataset with the GTR + I + G model (lnL = 1,910.5101; AIC = 4,017.0201; freq A = 0.2500; freq C = 0.2500; freq G = 0.2500; freq T = 0.2500; R(a) = 1.0000; R(b) = 3.9248; R(c) = 1.0000; R(d) = 1.0000; R(e) = 4.6930; R(f) = 1.0000).…”

“…Clade (II) indicates that the Canadian population of G. brevidens grouped with G. brevidens populations from China (MT856989, unpublished), Iran (KP313844, Alvani et al, 2017 ), South Africa (MN262457, unpublished), Iran (KJ585416, Ghaderi et al, 2014 ), and Greece (MG770485, Tzortzakakis et al, 2018 ). However, a few additional populations of G. brevidens from Iran (KP313841, KP313842, KP313843, KP313845, KP313846, Alvani et al, 2017 ; MN947623, MN947623, unpublished) formed another subclade. The morphological and morphometric information of these last populations were not provided by the authors, which indicates that these populations likely require re-evaluation based on detailed integrative taxonomy.…”

First report of Bursaphelenchus fungivorus (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) in Italy and an overview of nematodes associated with Crocus sativus L.

“…As a subterranean organ, the corm can come into contact with different organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. Most information concerning nematodes associated with saffron, refers to nematodes collected in the soil around the roots of Crocus sativus (Fotedar and Handoo, 1977;Mahdikhani and Alvani, 2013;Sheikh et al, 2014;Cirujeda et al, 2016;Alvani et al, 2017;Hassan and Ahangar, 2018).…”