Morphological And Molecular Identification of Double Flowered Stock (Matthiola Incana R. Br) Cultivars With High Fertility

Abstract

Garden stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.) is a commercially important horticultural crop owing to its ornamental effect. There are different stock cultivars varied in color and shape, especially flowered phenotype is an essential index evaluating its commercial value, because double flowered cultivars have more brilliant flowers compared to single flowered one. The present work aimed: (1) to make superior cultivars with different colors, high fertility, being capable of early selecting only double flowered seedlings by leaf color and to investigate morphological characteristics and (2) to select RAPD and ISSR primers for the cultivar certification and identification to culture and produce good commercial stock cultivars. Here we obtained new double flowered stock cultivars with different colors including pink, pale pink and white, through outcrossing between “white” cultivar (high fertile but unable to select double flower phenotype) and “pink” cultivar (vice. versa). Among newly obtained stock cultivars, single and double flower seedlings are distinguishable from each other by leaf color, having about 70% of fertility. Moreover RAPD and ISSR markers selected in this study can be applied to identify different stock cultivars in seed production, culture and to establish cultivar certification system.

First Report on Development of Genome-Wide Microsatellite Markers for Stock (Matthiola incana L.)

“…Genetic analysis techniques based on DNA molecular markers can provide an efficient and accurate representation of a species’ genetic potential, regardless of age, physiological conditions, and environmental factors, thus helping to effectively characterize and utilize germplasm resources in breeding [ 8 , 9 ]. DNA molecular markers such as RFLP [ 10 ], RAPD [ 8 , 11 , 12 ], AFLP [ 13 ], ISSR [ 11 , 14 ] and SSR [ 8 , 12 ] are being widely used for genetic research, such as genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection breeding, and genetic diversity, etc., [ 15 ]. There are few reports on study using DNA molecular markers; among the limited reports, Dogan et al (2016) used ISSR markers to study the phylogenetic relationship between Matthiola and other related genera [ 14 ].…”

“…There are few reports on study using DNA molecular markers; among the limited reports, Dogan et al (2016) used ISSR markers to study the phylogenetic relationship between Matthiola and other related genera [ 14 ]. Nakatsuka and Koishi (2018) developed specific codominant DNA molecular markers [ 16 ], and Ho et al (2021) used RAPD and ISSR markers to identify double flowered plants [ 11 ]. The availability of more DNA markers will help improve our understanding of the genetics of M. incana .…”

“…As the most useful DNA marker system for variety identification and germplasm management, SSR molecular markers have several advantages due to their abundance, high polymorphism, multiple alleles, co-dominance, low-cost, and the ease of assay by PCR [ 17 , 18 ], which have been applied extensively in genetic analysis, such as the analysis of population structure and genetic diversity [ 19 , 20 ], QTL mapping [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], marker-assisted selection breeding [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], and DNA fingerprinting [ 27 , 28 ], etc. SSR molecular markers are rarely used in M. incana [ 11 , 14 ], which is largely due to the fact that SSR molecular markers have not been developed in M. incana . Early development methods for SSR tagging suffered from cumbersome operations, low success rates and high-costs, or were limited by the information in public data.…”