Morphological and physicochemical characteristics of iron corrosion scales formed under different water source histories in a drinking water distribution system

Yang, Fan; Shi, Baoyou; Gu, Junnong; Wang, Dongsheng; Yang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.031

Cited by 180 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fifteen samples were collected from the southern city, 6 hard iron corrosion scale samples and 9 surficial loose deposit samples (including 3 from plastic pipes). Aluminum content in these two type scales were analyzed using XRF (X-ray Fluorescence, Advant' XP, Thermo Electron, Ecublens, Switzerland) and the pretreatment procedures were performed according to the report of Yang et al (2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Zhang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Zhang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Table 1 shows the main water parameters for the old surface water and groundwater, new water. A large increase in the concentration of sulfate in the water from the new water source was regarded as the cause of the red water problem [17]. Li et al (2010) also suggested that IOB, such as Gallionella spp., had an important role in the formation of red water [18].…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of corrosion sales and biofilm in aged pipe distribution systems with switching water source

Wang

et al. 2016

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Red water has occasionally been observed in the water distribution system of Beijing following a change in the city's water source. Aged cast iron pipes from both affected and unaffected areas were used to establish experimental drinking water distribution systems under different disinfection conditions. The scale deposits formed under different conditions were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the bacterial characteristics of the corrosion scales were determined using several molecular methods. The water quality changed less in pipe samples from the unaffected areas than pipes from the affected areas. The pipe samples from the unaffected area included predominantly α-FeOOH, Fe 3 O 4 , and γ-FeOOH, and 24.2% nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) were predominant with fewer ironoxidizing bacteria (IOB) being observed. The composition of corrosion products did not exhibit large variation over time although their crystallinity exhibited a slight decrease throughout the duration of the experiment. In contrast, in the pipe samples from the affected, α-FeOOH was the main compound with less γ-FeOOH and Fe 3 O 4 , and 3.3% IOB and 12% NRB with few IRB were observed. However, after transporting surface water containing disinfectants, the Fe 3 O 4 and dense corrosion layer formed, inhibiting the release of iron. Moreover, IRB and NRB became dominant. 22.6% and 34.3% NRB appeared in the pipes after chlorination and chloramination, respectively. The synergistic interaction of IRB and NRB with the corrosion layer played a large role in the release of iron from a cast iron pipe following changes in water quality.

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“…3 Pattern analysis was performed using the ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data), and the K value method was used in the semi-quantitative analysis of the crystalline phase composition of corrosion products.…”

Section: Pipe Section Collection In An Actual Dwdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). The 3 Other ferrous iron oxides such as FeCO 3 , green rust, and Fe(OH) 2 (mainly existed in the porous core) also existed at a relatively higher content in corrosion scales of SW pipes. In the scales of GW pipes, less stable iron oxides such as akaganeite (b-FeOOH), lepidocrocite (g-FeOOH) as well as amorphous iron oxides were relatively higher than those of the SW pipes.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Corrosion Scales and Biolms In An Actualmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) was reported to be an important mineral in protecting iron pipes from extensive iron release. 3,4 A DWDS can be regarded as a large scale biological reactor that hosts a wide variety of microorganisms both in bulk water and on the pipe surfaces (as biolms), which could lead to high disinfectant demand and dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption. [5][6][7] Some microorganisms on metal surfaces could affect the kinetics of cathodic and/or anodic corrosion reactions, and thus lead to acceleration or inhibition of corrosion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and release behavior of iron corrosion products under the influence of bacterial communities in a simulated water distribution system

Sun

Shi

Lytle

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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To understand the formation and release behavior of iron corrosion products in a drinking water distribution system, annular reactors (ARs) were used to investigate the development processes of corrosion products and biofilm community as well as the concomitant iron release behavior. Results showed that the formation and transformation of corrosion products and bacterial community are closely related to each other. The presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB, e.g. Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum), sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB, e.g. Sulfuricella), and iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB, e.g. Acidovorax, Gallionella, Leptothrix, and Sphaerotilus) in biofilms could speed up iron corrosion; however, iron-reducing bacteria (IRB, e.g. Bacillus, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas) could inhibit iron corrosion and iron release. Corrosion scales on iron coupons could develop into a two-layered structure (top layer and inner layer) with time. The relatively stable constituents such as goethite (a-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) mainly existed in the top layers, while green rust (Fe 6 (OH) 12 CO 3 ) mainly existed in the inner layers. The IOB (especially Acidovorax) contributed to the formation of a-FeOOH, while IRB and the anaerobic conditions could facilitate the formation of Fe 3 O 4 . Compared with the AR test without biofilms, the iron corrosion rate with biofilms was relatively higher (p < 0.05) during the whole experimental period, but the iron release with biofilms was obviously lower both at the initial stage and after 3 months. Biofilm and corrosion scale samples formed under different water supply conditions in an actual drinking water distribution system verified the relationships between the bacterial community and corrosion products. Environmental impactIron pipe corrosion and the release of corrosion products could greatly affect the integrity of water distribution infrastructure and the safety of drinking water at consumer ends. Corrosion scales formed by the accumulation of corrosion products under different water supply conditions had different morphological and compositional characteristics, which are closely associated with the processes of iron corrosion and release. Biolms developed on the internal surface of distribution pipes could play crucial roles in corrosion reactions and the composition of corrosion scales. Therefore, understanding the effects of bacterial community structure on the iron corrosion, iron release and associated corrosion by-products could provide scientic support for drinking water quality and distribution infrastructure maintenance.

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Morphological and physicochemical characteristics of iron corrosion scales formed under different water source histories in a drinking water distribution system

Cited by 180 publications

References 21 publications

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Characteristics of corrosion sales and biofilm in aged pipe distribution systems with switching water source

Formation and release behavior of iron corrosion products under the influence of bacterial communities in a simulated water distribution system

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