Morphological Characteristics and Biological Maturation of Brazilian and Portuguese Gymnasts

Batista, Amanda; Garganta, Rui; Ávila-Carvalho, Lurdes

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022019000200561

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The training volume found in the present study was about 27.3 hours, varying between 24 and 30 hours per week. Batista et al [21] reported a volume of 36 hours/ week in athletes from the Brazilian and Portuguese teams of RG, data that are consistent with the results of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In aesthetic modalities, the combination of intense training and pressure to achieve weight and performance goals can lead athletes to develop risky dietary patterns [21], as well as RED-S [6,7]. The term eating disorder refers to severe disturbances in eating behavior and body image, among which are nervous anorexia and nervous bulimia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Athletes in aesthetic sports are more likely to develop characteristic behaviors of low energy availability (LEA), as they seek to maintain a body composition that meets the standards required by the sport [21]. Although we have not evaluated the total energy intake and the energy expenditure added by the training of the gymnasts evaluated in this study, which we consider a limitation, a high frequency of athletes classified as having a very low percentage of fat mass was observed, and thinness has been correlated with LEA [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comportamentos de risco para deficiência de energia relativa no esporte em jovens ginastas rítmicas brasileiras de alto rendimento

Marques¹,

Menezes²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc

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Introdução: A ginástica rítmica é uma modalidade esportiva estética, cujas regras encorajam biotipo longilíneo e magro, expondo ginastas ao risco de deficiência energética relativa no esporte (RED-S). Objetivo: Analisar comportamentos de risco para RED-S em ginastas brasileiras de alto rendimento de categorias pré-infantil, infantil e juvenil, com destaque nacional e internacional. Métodos: 36 atletas brasileiras (10 pré-infantis, 9 infantis e 17 juvenis) foram avaliadas quanto à composição corporal, maturação sexual e risco de transtornos alimentares. A investigação de volume de treinamento, ciclos menstruais, monitoramento de densidade mineral óssea e de exames laboratoriais, ocorrência de fratura por estresse, acompanhamento nutricional especializado e consumo de suplementos alimentares realizou-se por questionário de Ackerman adaptado. Resultados: As ginastas apresentaram volume de treinamento semanal de 27,32 horas, % de massa gorda de 12,1 ± 2,8, sendo as infantis as de menor adiposidade. Quanto à maturação sexual, 66,1% encontravam-se na fase púbere, e nenhuma atleta chegou à fase pós-púbere. A frequência de risco de transtornos alimentares foi de 55,6%, sendo as juvenis mais afetadas (70,6%). Apenas 47,1% das juvenis apresentaram menarca. Somente 36,1% têm acesso a nutricionista esportivo, enquanto 16,7% avaliaram a densidade mineral óssea ao menos uma vez na carreira, e 52,8% realizam exames laboratoriais regularmente. Foi relatada fratura por estresse por 22,2% das ginastas, sendo 44,4% nas juvenis. Encontrou-se suplementação alimentar em 36,1% das ginastas, com destaque para vitaminas C e D e proteínas. Conclusão: Foram encontrados comportamentos de risco para RED-S em jovens ginastas rítmicas brasileiras de alto rendimento, com destaque para transtornos alimentares, especialmente na categoria juvenil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comportamentos de risco para deficiência de energia relativa no esporte em jovens ginastas rítmicas brasileiras de alto rendimento

Marques¹,

Menezes²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc

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show abstract

“…Relatively few studies have focused on anthropometric parameters and body composition in rhythmic gymnasts [ 4 , 17 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], but our study population presents characteristics typically associated with very intensive training [ 44 ]. Regarding body weight, the teens had significantly higher body weight and height than the pre-teens; nonetheless, in line with other research, the data indicate that they are smaller than their non-athlete peers [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition, Dietary Intake and the Risk of Low Energy Availability in Elite-Level Competitive Rhythmic Gymnasts

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to analyze dietary intake and body composition in a group of elite-level competitive rhythmic gymnasts from Spain. We undertook body composition and nutritional analysis of 30 elite gymnasts, divided into two groups by age: pre-teen (9–12 years) (n = 17) and teen (13–18 years) (n = 13). Measures of height, weight, and bioimpedance were used to calculate body mass index and percent body fat. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed based on 7-day food records. The two groups had similar percentages of total body fat (pre-teen: 13.99 ± 3.83% vs. teen: 14.33 ± 5.57%; p > 0.05). The energy availability values for pre-teens were above the recommended values (>40 kcal/FFM/day) 69.38 ± 14.47 kcal/FFM/day, while those for the teens were much lower (34.7 ± 7.5 kcal/FFM/day). The distribution of the daily energy intake across the macronutrients indicates that both groups ingested less than the recommended level of carbohydrates and more than the recommended level of fat. Very low intakes of calcium and vitamin D among other micronutrients were also noted. The main finding is that teenage gymnasts do not consume as much energy as they need each day, which explains their weight and development. Moreover, they are at a high risk of developing low energy availability that could negatively impact their performance and future health.

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“…Similar results were found for the Portuguese national team; it has been defined as a balanced ectomorph. However, in Brazil, even though the ectomorphic component is predominant, endomorphy is the second most important (Batista, Garganta, & Ávila-Carvalho, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatotype Analysis by Age Categories in Spanish Female Acrobatic Gymnasts

Taboada-Iglesias

Gutiérrez-Sánchez

Fernández

et al. 2021

SGJ

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Somatotype is one of the variables seen as the key to success in sports and talent detection atdifferent ages. This is confirmed by evidence in some gymnastic disciplines in different agecategories, but no study has been conducted for Acrobatic Gymnastics. The objective is toestablish the characteristic somatotype profile in Acrobatic Gymnastics for each age group,determining whether there are differences among them and between the roles in each one.The sample was made up of 54 female tops (X= 11.23 years; 29.62 Kg) and 75 female bases(X= 14.46 years; 50.48 Kg). The somatotype was calculated using the Heath-Carter methodto determine the mesomorphy, endomorphy, and ectomorphy of each group. The statisticalanalysis carried out consisted of a descriptive and comparative analysis based on thecomponent in particular and the mean somatotype dispersion in general. The results showedthat mesomorphy was the most important component in all categories and roles. Theyindicated different somatotype classifications in each group, but the importance ofectomorphy in tops and endomorphy in bases should also be pointed out. Significantdifferences were obtained in mesomorphy (tops: p = .012; bases p = .026) and ectomorphy inboth roles (tops p = .036; bases p = .001). Despite finding significant differences amongcertain categories, this did not follow a linear, chronological development. Therefore, onecannot conclude that the somatotype evolved with age, since this may be due to sportsspecialization. However, it was confirmed that mesomorphy, as in other gymnasticsdisciplines, is the predominant component in all categories and roles.

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Morphological Characteristics and Biological Maturation of Brazilian and Portuguese Gymnasts

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Comportamentos de risco para deficiência de energia relativa no esporte em jovens ginastas rítmicas brasileiras de alto rendimento

Comportamentos de risco para deficiência de energia relativa no esporte em jovens ginastas rítmicas brasileiras de alto rendimento

Body Composition, Dietary Intake and the Risk of Low Energy Availability in Elite-Level Competitive Rhythmic Gymnasts

Somatotype Analysis by Age Categories in Spanish Female Acrobatic Gymnasts

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