Morphological Characteristics, Preferences, and Perceptions of the Ideal Working Mule

Lagos, Javiera; Rojas, Marcos Palacio; Tadich, Tamara

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103821

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…species, age fitness to work) and also on external factors (i.e. environmental temperature and humidity, type of terrain and quality of harnessing system) (Lagos et al, 2022). One limitation of the present study is that the circuit travelled by the mules was short (2 km) compared to the work performed by most working equids worldwide and that we did not include more physiological and behavioural indicators (for a complete review see Bukhari et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of thermography and pressure sensors to evaluate the effect of load on pack mules

Lagos

González²,

Tadich

2023

Austral j. vet. sci.

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Mules performing pack work can develop skin wounds and lesions on harness related areas of the body, but also muscular and bone damage that are not always visible during clinical examination. Thermographic imaging and pressure sensors have emerged as non-invasive diagnostic alternatives that can provide valuable information about the welfare of working equids. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different loads on the back of mules through thermographic images and pressure sensors. A crossover design was used with twelve mules carrying three different loads (80, 105, and 130 kg) for two kilometers. Four pressure sensors were placed in the harnessing system to assess the pressure (N) of the loads. Thermographic images of the back were taken daily before and up to five days after the harnessing work. The results show that the heavy loads (105 and 130 kg) generated a significant increase of temperature in all the analysed areas of the mules' back, with no significant differences between anatomical areas. The pressure sensors did not reveal significant differences between treatments or between anatomical areas and no evidence of a correlation between pressure and temperature. Further studies including physiological and behavioral measures to assess the effect of different loads are required to better understand the effect on working equids welfare.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of thermography and pressure sensors to evaluate the effect of load on pack mules

Lagos

González²,

Tadich

2023

Austral j. vet. sci.

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“…Akibatnya, bagal bersifat lebih kuat, lebih cepat, memiliki daya tahan yang lebih baik, watak yang kuat serta ketangkasan kaki keledai. Berkat keunggulan yang dimilikinya, hewan ini dimanfaatkan dalam penyediaan tenaga biomekanik (pertanian dan kehutanan) [11]. Kemudian, bagal juga memiliki kemampuan dalam berbagai bidang dengan melalui pelatihan tertentu, seperti dalam kompetisi balap dan dalam hal melompat [7].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Perilaku Bagal (Equus mulus) dalam Perspektif Islam dan Sains

JAENUDDIN¹

2023

Preprint

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Bagal (Equus mulus) merupakan hewan hibrida dari hasil perkawinan silang antara kuda dengan keledai. Hewan ini memiliki sifat yang lebih unggul dibandingkan parentalnya sendiri. Dalam perspektif Islam, bagal dijadikan sebagai hewan tunggangan dan perhiasan. Makna hewan tunggangan yaitu bahwa bagal dimanfaatkan sebagai alat transportasi maupun alat pengangkut barang. Kemudian, makna perhiasan sendiri berupa salah satu hewan yang diciptakan-Nya dengan keindahan yang mampu memberikan rasa kagum terhadap manusia. Terdapat beberapa manfaat bagal dalam pandangan al-Qur’an, diantaranya sebagai sarana transportasi, pengangkut logistik dan sebagai hewan ternak. Sedangkan, dalam perspektif sains, bagal menjadi hewan yang menarik untuk diteliti karena merupakan hasil hibridisasi. Ada beberapa perilaku bagal yang telah diamati oleh para peneliti, diantaranya berupa perilaku sosial yang cenderung lebih dekat dengan sama jenisnya berupa perilaku sosialisai dan bermain, kemudian perilaku normal dengan berguling dan perawatan diri, perilaku abnormal ketika sakit, perilaku bawaan yang menunjukkan keunggulan bagal, perilaku stereotip berupa gelisah, perilaku makan yang tidak pemilih, perilaku kawin bagal betina yang mirip dengan kuda betina sedangkan perilau agresi oleh bagal jantan. Di samping itu, bagal juga memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang melebihi parentalnya karena kemampuannya dalam memodifikasi perilaku dan sifat fleksibel yang dimilikinya.

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“…Carts are used to transport building materials, commercial produce, and garbage ( 2 ). Equids are crucial in the growth of agriculture and other activities as they provide power for plowing and traction, playing an important role in the local economy ( 8 , 9 ). Equids’ social and economic contribution to rural earning can be direct (providing transportation services) or indirect (plowing the soil to obtain farm products) ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of draught load pulling on welfare in equids

Bukhari,

Parkes

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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About 112 million working equids are the source of income for 600 million people globally. Many equids are used for pulling loads (up to 15,000 kg per day) to transport goods. Most of them are associated with brick kilns, mining, and agriculture industries in developing countries. They may suffer from welfare issues such as overloading, being beaten, and being forced to work for long periods. These issues may occur due to a poor understanding of load-pulling equids. Understanding their capabilities and the elements that influence them is critical for efficient performance and welfare. The measurement of stride characteristics and gait kinematics can reveal loading adaptations and help identify loading limitations. It is known that both loading and fatigue change the locomotor patterns of load-pulling horses. Heart rate is a stress quantifying metric and an important representative of the speed of work and draught force. Heart rate variability is a regularly used statistic to quantify a physiological response to stresses, but it has never been used for load-pulling equids. Changes in blood lactate, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide contents are reliable biochemical indicators of the effects of load pulling. Changes in plasma cortisol levels reflect the intensity of exercise and stress levels in horses while pulling a load. However, eye blink rate is a cheap, simple, and immediate indicator of acute equine stress, and we suggest it may be used to aid in load-pulling equine welfare assessment. However, further research is needed for a standardized and evidence-based draught load pulling capacity of working horses, mules, and donkeys.

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Morphological Characteristics, Preferences, and Perceptions of the Ideal Working Mule

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Use of thermography and pressure sensors to evaluate the effect of load on pack mules

Use of thermography and pressure sensors to evaluate the effect of load on pack mules

Perilaku Bagal (Equus mulus) dalam Perspektif Islam dan Sains

Assessing the impact of draught load pulling on welfare in equids

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