Morphological convergence during pregnancy among predator and nonpredator populations of the livebearing fish<i>Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora</i>(Teleostei: Poeciliidae)

Wesner, Jeff S.; Billman, Eric J.; Meier, Adam; Belk, Mark C.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01715.x

Cited by 43 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our analytical framework enabled us to consider the interplay of multivariate variation in several character suites. For example, body-shape divergence between predator regimes in females might reflect a trade-off between selection on locomotion and selection on reproduction818283. Selection might act primarily on reproductive traits (fecundity, RA) that indirectly affect body shape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar observation of how life histories might influence body shape were made in other studies on livebearing fishes. For example, Wesner et al 83. demonstrated that body shape differences between high- and low-predation populations of B. rhabdophora largely disappear in gravid females, while two other recent studies showed that high RA negatively affects swimming performance and predator escape responses in guppies8184, and thus results in a change in habitat use to compensate for this constraint on swimming performance84.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared and unique patterns of phenotypic diversification along a stream gradient in two congeneric species

Jourdan

Krause

Lazar

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Stream ecosystems show gradual variation of various selection factors, which can result in a zonation of species distributions and gradient evolution of morphological and life-history traits within species. Identifying the selective agents underlying such phenotypic evolution is challenging as different species could show shared and/or unique (species-specific) responses to components of the river gradient. We studied a stream gradient inhabited by two mosquitofishes (genus Gambusia) in the Río Grijalva basin in southern Mexico and found a patchy distribution pattern of both congeners along a stretch of 100 km, whereby one species was usually dominant at a given site. We uncovered both shared and unique patterns of diversification: some components of the stream gradient, including differences in piscine predation pressure, drove shared patterns of phenotypic divergence, especially in females. Other components of the gradient, particularly abiotic factors (max. annual temperature and temperature range) resulted in unique patterns of divergence, especially in males. Our study highlights the complexity of selective regimes in stream ecosystems. It exemplifies that even closely related, congeneric species can respond in unique ways to the same components of the river gradient and shows how both sexes can exhibit quite different patterns of divergence in multivariate phenotypic character suites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared and unique patterns of phenotypic diversification along a stream gradient in two congeneric species

Jourdan

Krause

Lazar

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…This analysis has been used previously and effectively in another Brachyrhaphis species [6]. The PCVA tests whether the significant interaction between main effects and the index variable resulted from differences in magnitude ( MD ) or direction (Θ) of morphological change.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Divergence Driven by Predation Environment within and between Species of Brachyrhaphis Fishes

et al. 2014

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Natural selection often results in profound differences in body shape among populations from divergent selective environments. Predation is a well-studied driver of divergence, with predators having a strong effect on the evolution of prey body shape, especially for traits related to escape behavior. Comparative studies, both at the population level and between species, show that the presence or absence of predators can alter prey morphology. Although this pattern is well documented in various species or population pairs, few studies have tested for similar patterns of body shape evolution at multiple stages of divergence within a taxonomic group. Here, we examine morphological divergence associated with predation environment in the livebearing fish genus Brachyrhaphis. We compare differences in body shape between populations of B. rhabdophora from different predation environments to differences in body shape between B. roseni and B. terrabensis (sister species) from predator and predator free habitats, respectively. We found that in each lineage, shape differed between predation environments, consistent with the hypothesis that locomotor function is optimized for either steady swimming (predator free) or escape behavior (predator). Although differences in body shape were greatest between B. roseni and B. terrabensis, we found that much of the total morphological diversification between these species had already been achieved within B. rhabdophora (29% in females and 47% in males). Interestingly, at both levels of divergence we found that early in ontogenetic development, females differed in shape between predation environments; however, as females matured, their body shapes converged on a similar phenotype, likely due to the constraints of pregnancy. Finally, we found that body shape varies with body size in a similar way, regardless of predation environment, in each lineage. Our findings are important because they provide evidence that the same source of selection can drive similar phenotypic divergence independently at multiple divergence levels.

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“…In a multivariate mixed model design, relative warps are treated as repeated measures within individuals, thus individual is treated as a random variable in the analysis. Analysis was done with the MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Enterprise Guide v. 4.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) [29,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Morphological Variation in Two Common Marine Fish Species from South Africa

Mattson

Belk

2013

TOFISHSJ

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Intraspecific morphological variation in fish is typically associated with sexual dimorphism, or one of three common environmental gradients: variation in intensity of predation, variation in water velocity, or variation in feeding niche. The preponderance of examples of environment-associated morphological variation within fish species has been documented in freshwater systems. It is not clear whether environment-associated intraspecific morphological variation is less common in marine fishes or whether there has just been a lack of investigation. We used geometric morphometric analysis to quantify shape variation in two species of South African marine fish commonly harvested for human consumption, Pterogymnus laniarius (panga), and Argyrosomus inodorus (silver kob). Neither species exhibited significant sexual dimorphism, but both species exhibited significant intraspecific morphological variation. This variation appears consistent with patterns expected from variation along the benthic-pelagic feeding niche continuum.

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Morphological convergence during pregnancy among predator and nonpredator populations of the livebearing fishBrachyrhaphis rhabdophora(Teleostei: Poeciliidae)

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Shared and unique patterns of phenotypic diversification along a stream gradient in two congeneric species

Shared and unique patterns of phenotypic diversification along a stream gradient in two congeneric species

Morphological Divergence Driven by Predation Environment within and between Species of Brachyrhaphis Fishes

Intraspecific Morphological Variation in Two Common Marine Fish Species from South Africa

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