Morphological diversity and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from the Western Pacific (Singapore and New Zealand), with implications for a re-evaluation of rhabdopleurid species diversity

Gordon, Dennis P.; Quek, Zheng Bin Randolph; Orr, Russell J. S.; Waeschenbach, Andrea; Huang, Danwei; Strano, Francesca; Ramsfjell, Mali H.; Liow, Lee Hsiang

doi:10.1007/s12526-022-01310-3

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…8) illustrated small tube fragments of Cephalodiscus (Orthoecus) densus showing irregularly developed fuselli c. 150-200 lm in height, and no dorsal or ventral zigzag suture like the one shown in creeping tubes of Rhabdopleura (e.g. Gordon et al 2023). A similar density of the fuselli can be seen in the illustrations of Harmer (1905, pl.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…12). The fusellar height is c. 20-50 lm in rhabdopleurids, varying somewhat between species, but also showing considerable variation even within single tubes (Rigby 1994;Gordon et al 2023).…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gordon et al . 2023). A similar density of the fuselli can be seen in the illustrations of Harmer (1905, pl.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benthic pterobranchs from the Cambrian (Drumian) Marjum Konservat‐Lagerstätte of Utah

Lerosey‐Aubril,

Maletz,

Coleman

et al. 2024

Papers in Palaeontology

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Pterobranchs are rare in Cambrian strata of North America despite discoveries of more than 30 exceptionally preserved fossil biotas. Miaolingian pterobranchs from this continent typically form low‐diversity and low‐abundance assemblages. Here we describe an abundant pterobranch material from the Drumian Marjum Formation recently collected at the Gray Marjum Quarry in the House Range of Utah, USA. The faunule is composed of two new species: Sphenoecium marjumensis, an encrusting representative forming compact bushy colonies of more than 80 tubes with poorly developed rhizomes, and Tarnagraptus cupidus, an erect growing taxon characterized by intertwining stems and a monopodial colonial growth. Known in extant rhabdopleurids, this mode of colonial growth had hitherto never been observed in fossil pterobranchs. Its documentation in a c. 500‐myr‐old taxon attests to its deep origin in the evolutionary history of the group. Although the new species almost exclusively occur in the Marjum strata, this pterobranch faunule is broadly similar to those recovered from other Miaolingian Burgess Shale‐type deposits of North America in terms of genus‐level composition, species richness, and ecological structure. This may indicate that pterobranchs were poorly diverse components of animal communities at that time, or that they mostly thrived in more proximal shelf environments where conditions conducive to their preservation rarely developed. The common co‐occurrence of taxa with fundamentally different ecomorphotypes in the Miaolingian Series of North America strongly suggests an earlier phase of morphological diversification of benthic pterobranchs during the early Cambrian, which remains insufficiently documented by fossils.

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Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benthic pterobranchs from the Cambrian (Drumian) Marjum Konservat‐Lagerstätte of Utah

Lerosey‐Aubril,

Maletz,

Coleman

et al. 2024

Papers in Palaeontology

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Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa

GORDON,

QUEK,

HUANG

2024

Zootaxa

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All eight extant species of Rhabdopleura described between 1869 and 2018 are provisionally accepted as valid based on a review of the literature and new data on two little-known species from the Azores. Additionally, four new species are described from the New Zealand region, increasing global diversity by 50%, and a dichotomous key to all 12 described species is provided based on morphological criteria. The distinction between colony morphologies based on erect-tube inception is regarded as particularly helpful in initial characterization of species. Erect ringed tubes are either produced directly from the surface of creeping-tubes or indirectly, i.e. a short adherent side branch from a creeping tube is interpolated between the creeping tube and an erect tube; such side branches are blind-ending. These two modes of erect-tube origination are here respectively termed direct and indirect. Species with indirect erect-tube budding are predominant in the North Atlantic whereas species with direct erect-tube budding dominate in New Zealand waters. The only indirect-erect species from New Zealand, Rhabdopleura chathamica n. sp., was discovered on deepwater coral from 1008‒1075 m, constituting the deepest record of the genus to date. Rhabdopleura emancipata n. sp., collected only in a detached state, constitutes a three-dimensional tangled growth that grew freely into the water column—a unique morphology hitherto unknown among extant species. Owing to this growth mode, it provided a substratum for epibionts from several phyla. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. and Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp. are morphologically very similar but are distinguishable by their distinct placements in a phylogeny based on 16S mitochondrial and 18S nuclear rRNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on rRNA and mitochondrial genome data contribute to an updated phylogeny of all Rhabdopleura species sequenced thus far, some of which require more molecular sequences and morphological analyses for taxonomic determination.

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Morphological diversity and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from the Western Pacific (Singapore and New Zealand), with implications for a re-evaluation of rhabdopleurid species diversity

Cited by 2 publications

References 59 publications

Benthic pterobranchs from the Cambrian (Drumian) Marjum Konservat‐Lagerstätte of Utah

Benthic pterobranchs from the Cambrian (Drumian) Marjum Konservat‐Lagerstätte of Utah

Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa

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