Morphological diversity of Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties “Pachchaperumal” and “Suduru samba”

Identification of the right parental combinations to maximize heterosis is the major goal of hybrid breeding, which could be achieved through identification of heterotic groups. The main objective of this study was to identify promising heterotic groups for future rice breeding programs. A collection of 359 rice genotypes of diverse origins of China and abroad, composed of inbreds, maintainers, restorers, and temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines were genotyped using 10K SNP chips. The SNP data set was subjected to genomic analyses for estimation of genetic divergence and diversity. Significant variations were observed in the germplasm with the identification of six different genetic groups. These lines were assigned to the genetic groups independent of their origin. Taking an account of commercially used heterotic groups present in each cluster, three cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and 14 inbred and restorer lines with moderate to high genetic distances selected from five heterotic patterns were crossed and obtained 42 F1 hybrids. A total of 14 hybrids were found with significant maximum mid- and better-parent heterosis, namely, TaifengA × Guang122, TaifengA × Wushansimiao, and TaifengA × Minghui63 for earliness; Guang8A × Huazhan for dwarf stature; and Guang8A × Huanghuzhan-1, TaifengA × Yuexiangzhan, Guang8A × Minhui3301, TianfengA × Guang122, Guang8A × Yahui2115, TianfengA × Huanghuazhan, TianfengA × Minghui63, TianfengA × Minhui3301, TaifengA × Gui99, and Guang8A × Yuenongsimiao for yield and yield-related traits. Mid-parent and better-parent heterotic F1 hybrids were in positive correlation with the genetic distances as that manifested by commercially used heterotic groups, encouraging the use of genotypic data for identification of heterotic groups. Our study provides an informative strategy for the development of early maturing, lodging resistant and high-yielding commercial hybrids and cultivars in future heterosis breeding programs.

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Comparative Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker–Trait Association Using Two DNA Marker Systems in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Aldaej

Rezk

El-Malky

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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In this paper, the genetic diversities of 12 rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.), representing Indica, Japonica, and Indica–Japonica varieties, were assessed using twelve ISSR and five SSR markers. In addition, the rice genotypes were evaluated for 11 agro-morphological traits in a two-year trial. Association mapping was performed to detect any association between the DNA markers and the agro-morphological traits. An association analysis was conducted considering the relative kinship among the genotypes and accounting for the population structure using the unified mixed-model approach to avoid possible false-positive associations. Seventy-three alleles were collectively produced by ISSRs and SSRs, with an average of 6.3 and 2.8 alleles per locus, respectively. Both marker systems were informative, and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.222 and 0.352 for ISSRs and SSRs, respectively. The average expected heterozygosity (Hexp) was 0.264 for ISSRs compared to 0.457 for SSRs. After using the false discovery rate (FDR) method, the association analysis revealed a total of 12 significant marker–trait associations with six agro-morphological traits, including the no. of unfiled grains panicle−1, panicle length, panicle weight, the no. of panicles plant−1, the no. of tillers plant−1, and 1000-grain weight. ISSRs showed seven significant associations with five markers, while SSRs showed three significant associations with three markers. The phenotypic variance (R2) explained by each marker ranged between 29.2% for the ISSR marker HB11 (associated with 1000-grain weight) and 49.3% for the ISSR marker HB8 (associated with the no. of tillers plant−1). The identified marker–trait associations reported herein may improve the expected gain of future molecular-based rice-breeding programs, particularly those designed for improving grain-related or harvest-related traits.

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Morphological diversity of Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties “Pachchaperumal” and “Suduru samba”

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Building climate-resilient food systems in sri lanka through site-specific agricultural management

Building climate-resilient food systems in sri lanka through site-specific agricultural management

Identification of Heterotic Groups and Patterns Based on Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics Among Rice Accessions of Diverse Origins

Comparative Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker–Trait Association Using Two DNA Marker Systems in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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