Morphological diversity, phenolic acids, and antioxidant properties in eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv): Selection of superior populations for agri‐food industry

Abstract

Eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv) a widespread species of the Apiaceae reveals high nutritional value and therapeutic properties due to the significant content of biologically active metabolites such as essential oils, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical variability and antioxidant properties of naturally grown populations of eryngo.One-way ANOVA showed significant (p < .01) differences in the majority of parameters measured among the studied populations. The range of fresh weight was from 1.3 to 12.0 g/plant, while dry weight varied from 0.01 to 6.0 g/plant. The highest variation was observed for essential oil yield (CV = 205.32%) followed by essential oil content (CV = 126.23%) and chicoric acid content (CV = 71.18%). Total phenolics content varied from 8.85 to 88.15 mg GAE/g extract. Total flavonoids value ranged from 5.41 to 134.40 mg QE/g extract. Rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid contents varied from 0.118-1.234 and 0.014-0.597 μg/g DW, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity varied from 76.12 to 513.5 μg/mL, while it ranged from 156.7 to 477.1 μg/mL with the ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) chelating assay. Rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid showed a significant and positive correlation (r 0.01 = 0.81 and r 0.05 = 0.40) with total phenolics, respectively. The Ward dendrogram analysis revealed two different clusters based on the parameters measured, confirming high morpho-phytochemical variability among the individuals and populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed eight PCs which contributed to 99.97% of the overall variance, and leaf length, essential oil content, and antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH and Fe 2+ chelating techniques were the most effective attributes for characterizing and selecting the studied population.Based on the traits related to vegetative yield and antioxidant properties, eight individuals from two populations were superior for breeding and/or farming programs.

Effects of Annual Growth Conditions on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in the Roots of Eryngium montanum

“…The variation in the concentration of rosmarinic acid due to the Po × C interaction ranged from 5011.3 to 9674.8 µg g −1 . Hatami et al [ 33 ] also identified a large amount of variation in the contents of rosmarinic acid in Eryngium caucasicum Trautv in six geographic regions of Iran (ranging from 0.118 to 1.234 µg g −1 ) by means of HPLC, and their results showed high levels of variation within each geographic location of origin, with a coefficient of variation equal to 50.81%. In contrast, Kikowska et al [ 34 ] estimated 495 and 4309 µg g −1 concentrations of rosmarinic acid in the roots of E. maritimun L. grown in the field and in seedlings grown in vitro, respectively.…”

Macroscopical, Microscopical and Histochemical Analysis of Eryngium karatavicum Iljin Growing on the Territory of South Kazakhstan

“…It is the largest and possibly the most taxonomically complex genus of the Apiaceae family [ 2 ]. Preparations of different Eryngium species are used in folk medicine, as they have the following therapeutic actions: antioxidant [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], anti-inflammatory [ 11 ], cytotoxic [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], antibacterial [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], antifungal [ 19 ], diuretic [ 11 ], antiallergic [ 11 ], etc. Today, the need to develop the technology of medicines from raw materials of unexplored endemic medicinal plant species of Kazakhstan is an urgent task of domestic pharmacy [ 22 ].…”