Morphological evaluation of common bean diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina using the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) multivariate method

Abstract

In order to analyze morphological characteristics of locally cultivated common bean landraces from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), thirteen quantitative and qualitative traits of 40 P. vulgaris accessions, collected from four geographical regions (Northwest B&H, Northeast B&H, Central B&H and Sarajevo) and maintained at the Gene bank of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences in Sarajevo, were examined. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the proportion of variance retained in the first two principal components was 54.35%. The first principal component had high contributing factor loadings from seed width, seed height and seed weight, whilst the second principal component had high contributing factor loadings from the analyzed traits seed per pod and pod length. PCA plot, based on the first two principal components, displayed a high level of variability among the analyzed material. The discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) created 3 discriminant functions (DF), whereby the first two discriminant functions accounted for 90.4% of the variance retained. Based on the retained DFs, DAPC provided group membership probabilities which showed that 70% of the accessions examined were correctly classified between the geographically defined groups. Based on the taxonomic distance, 40 common bean accessions analyzed in this study formed two major clusters, whereas two accessions Acc304 and Acc307 didn?t group in any of those. Acc360 and Acc362, as well as Acc324 and Acc371 displayed a high level of similarity and are probably the same landrace. The present diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina?s common been landraces could be useful in future breeding programs.

Genetic dissimilarity of common bean lines for agronomic and biofortification traits

“…Therefore, in this group, the common bean genotypes showed high genetic similarity for the agronomic and mineral biofortification traits. The use of graphic dispersion by principal components based on the morphological and/or phenological and/or production traits has been applied to differentiate common bean genotypes efficiently (Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014). However, this method enables the formation of few groups, and one of these groups usually concentrates the highest amount of germplasm evaluated (Freitas et al, 2011;Grahic et al, 2013).…”

“…The use of graphic dispersion by principal components based on the morphological and/or phenological and/or production traits has been applied to differentiate common bean genotypes efficiently (Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014). However, this method enables the formation of few groups, and one of these groups usually concentrates the highest amount of germplasm evaluated (Freitas et al, 2011;Grahic et al, 2013). However, the groups formed using morphological traits are very similar to those obtained by microsatellite molecular markers, when the graphic dispersion by principal components is used in beans (Blair et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014).…”

“…Therefore, the genetic variability observed in the landraces and the genotypes developed for breeding programs requires a more detailed characterization. Genetic dissimilarity and cluster analyses have been widely used to determine the genetic variability of common bean genotypes that have been grown in a given region or country (Bonett et al, 2006;Chiorato et al, 2006;Gonçalves Ceolin et al, 2007;Elias et al, 2007;Barelli et al, 2009;Coelho et al, 2010;Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2014;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014). Thus, accession duplicates are identified, and hybrid combinations are planned based on the identification of genotypes with favorable traits for selection.…”

“…The main clustering methods used to identify similarities and differences among common bean genotypes are principal components (Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014) and the Tocher optimization method (Bonett et al, 2006;Gonçalves Ceolin et al, 2007;Elias et al, 2007;Barelli et al, 2009;Coelho et al, 2010;Gonçalves et al, 2014). Genetic dissimilarity of common bean genotypes has been evaluated by agronomic descriptors (Bonett et al, 2006;Barelli et al, 2009;Freitas et al, 2011;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014) and seed characteristics (Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2014).…”

“…Genetic dissimilarity of common bean genotypes has been evaluated by agronomic descriptors (Bonett et al, 2006;Barelli et al, 2009;Freitas et al, 2011;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014) and seed characteristics (Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2014). Elias et al (2007) evaluated the genetic dissimilarity of common bean cultivars by agronomic and nutritional descriptors (crude protein and dietary fiber), using the Tocher optimization method.…”