Morphological features of a cold skin wound under the influence of an extract of cryopreserved skin fragments of piglets (experimental study)

Abstract

The aim of the study is to identify in an experiment the effect of an extract of cryopreserved fragments of piglets on the morphological state of a cold skin wound. Materials and methods: Hairless six-month-old male rats were used in the study. They were divided into III groups: group I included 10 rats that had not been manipulated; group II was represented by 10 rats with cold wounds on the lateral surface of the thigh; group III was represented by 10 rats that were with a cold wound, followed by the injection of an extract of cryopreserved skin fragments of piglets into the abdominal cavity at a dose of 50 μg per 100 g of animal body weight (peptide concentration 100 μg/ ml) once a day for 5 days from the time of wound modeling. Animals in groups I-III were withdrawn from the experiment on the 7th, 14th and 21st days. The material for the morphological study was the fragments of intact skin with underlying soft tissues from the thigh area in group I and the fragments of skin with underlying soft tissues from the thigh area directly from the zone of cryoexposure in groups II and III. Histological, histochemical and morphometric methods were used. Microspecimens were studied using an Olympus BX-41 microscope (Japan). Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 6.0 and Microsoft Excel 2003 software package. Nonparametric methods were used to compare numerical values (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test). The significance of differences between the average values of the indicators was taken at the level of p<0.05. Results: The extract of cryopreserved skin fragments of piglets has an effective wound healing effect compared to the healing processes in a cold wound, which was not subjected to any therapeutic effects. It was manifested in the improved process of cleansing the wound from necrotic tissues that entered the zone of primary necrosis, as evidenced by 1,2 times decrease of the zone of primary necrosis on the 7th, 14th and 21st days; a decrease of the zone of secondary necrosis on the 7th, 14th and 21st days, respectively, – 1.2, 1.3, 1.2 times; growth and maturation of granulation tissue activation, as evidenced by an increase in the thickness of a granulation tissue layer on 7, 14, 21 days, respectively, – 1.9, 1.8, 1.2 times; activation of proliferative processes in the epithelial layer located in the marginal sections of the wound defect or covering the regenerate surface, as evidenced by more pronounced acanthotic growths in the underlying tissue and an increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer on the 7th, 14th and 21st days, respectively, – 2.1, 2.0, 2.2 times. Conclusion: The extract of cryopreserved skin fragments of piglets has an effective wound healing effect and can be recommended for further research in order to study the possibility of its use in clinical practice.