Morphological, gravimetric, and biochemical changes in Crepidula fecunda (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) egg capsule walls during embryonic development

Ojeda, Johana A; Chaparro, Óscar R.

doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1194-5

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, encapsulated embryos of the indirect developer C. fecunda, and of indirect and direct developer species of the genus Littorina have provided evidence of consumption of capsular material by embryos (Moran 1999, Ojeda & Chaparro 2004. In addition in C. fecunda, changes in the intracapsular protein content was related to capsule wall degradation (Ojeda & Chaparro 2004). Our observations under the transmission electron microscope provided evidence that thickness of the internal layer of the capsule wall decreases with developmental time in both C. fornicata and C. coquimbensis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other species of encapsulating gastropods, hatching of larvae or juveniles usually occurs through the apical plug or the suture (Sullivan & Maugel 1984, D'Asaro 1988, Hawkins & Hutchinson 1988, Garrido & Gallardo 1993. However, as capsules of C. fornicata and C. coquimbensis do not have any of these structures, hatching would be facilitated by internal degradation of the capsule wall by embryo activity (Ojeda & Chaparro 2004).In contrast to these embryonic strategies, parental behavior can contribute to the provision of appropriate 205 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 368: 197-207, 2008 O 2 conditions (Hess 1993, Dick et al 1998, Naylor et al 1999, Thiel 1999, Fernández et al 2000, Baeza & Fernández 2002. In fact, females of brooding crabs actively provide O 2 to their egg masses according to the metabolic demand of embryos (Wear 1974, Wheatly 1981, Fernández et al 2000.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of oxygen conditions on intracapsular development in two calyptraeid species with different modes of larval development

Brante

Fernández²,

Viard³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Oxygen availability in the aggregation of offspring has been shown to be a critical factor affecting the survival and development of embryos in aquatic systems. It is not yet known, however, to what extent the capacity to provide O 2 to embryo aggregations may act on the time of parental protection (here encapsulation), ultimately determining indirect and direct embryonic development. We assessed O 2 conditions during encapsulation, the factors determining those conditions, and the consequences on embryo survival in 2 gastropod species with contrasting developmental modes: Crepidula fornicata, an indirect developer, and Crepidula coquimbensis, a direct developer showing adelphophagy. Results showed that intracapsular O 2 conditions decreased to almost hypoxic conditions throughout development in C. fornicata, in contrast to the oxygenated conditions observed in C. coquimbensis during the entire encapsulation period. These contrasting patterns between species were explained by: (1) differences in metabolic rate of the embryos, (2) differences in total metabolizing material per capsule throughout development, and (3) differences in wall thickness and rates of decay throughout development, which may affect O 2 diffusion. Moreover, when the low O 2 conditions observed at the end of the encapsulation period were maintained after hatching by artificially extending encapsulation for 3 d, a dramatic negative effect on embryonic survival was observed in the indirect developer. In contrast, no effect on juvenile survival was observed in the direct developer. We suggest that hatching at intermediate stages of embryonic development in C. fornicata may be a response to increased O 2 constraints during the encapsulated period. KEY WORDS: Parental protection · Oxygen limitation · Developmental mode · Larvae · Crepidula · EncapsulationResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 368: 197-207, 2008 aggregation in jelly masses or capsules to active guarding of the embryos by the parents (Pechenik 1979, Rumrill 1990. A wide range of physical factors can also influence offspring development and survival, determining the need for parental protection, affecting its extent, and ultimately driving its evolution (Williams 1966, Trivers 1972, Clutton-Brock 1991, Roff 2002. In aquatic systems, the low solubility and diffusion rate of O 2 in water seem to be major constraints of parental protection through offspring aggregation (in amphibians: Crump 1996; in marine invertebrates: Booth 1995, Cohen & Strathmann 1996, Dick et al. 1998, Lee & Strathmann 1998, Fernández et al. 2000. Embryo aggregations of marine invertebrate species exhibit low O 2 levels which negatively affect embryonic development and survival (Strathmann & Strathmann 1982, Chaffee & Strathmann 1984, Strathmann & Chaffee 1984, Cancino et al. 2000. However, the consequences of reduced development and mortality risks during the protected phase on the optimal time of parental protection in aquatic systems are sti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of oxygen conditions on intracapsular development in two calyptraeid species with different modes of larval development

Brante

Fernández²,

Viard³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…These are usually indistinguishable from embryos in the very early stage of ontogeny and are consumed during development, potentially increasing size of juveniles at hatching (Thorson 1950). In some species, nutrition may also be provided by intracapsular fluid or protein from capsule walls (Bayne 1968;Stöckmann-Bosbach 1988;Moran 1999;Ojeda and Chaparro 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurse egg consumption and intracapsular development in the common whelk Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus 1758)

Smith

Thatje

2012

Helgol Mar Res

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Intracapsular development is common in marine gastropods. In many species, embryos develop alongside nurse eggs, which provide nutrition during ontogeny. The common whelk Buccinum undatum is a commercially important North Atlantic shallow-water gastropod. Development is intracapsular in this species, with individuals hatching as crawling juveniles. While its reproductive cycle has been well documented, further work is necessary to provide a complete description of encapsulated development. Here, using B. undatum egg masses from the south coast of England intracapsular development at 6°C is described. Number of eggs, veligers and juveniles per capsule are compared, and nurse egg partitioning, timing of nurse egg consumption and intracapsular size differences through development are discussed. Total development took between 133 and 140 days, over which 7 ontogenetic stages were identified. The number of both eggs and veligers were significantly related to capsule volume, with approximately 1 % of eggs developing per capsule. Each early veliger consumed nurse eggs rapidly over just 3-7 days. Within each capsule, initial development was asynchronous, but it became synchronous during the veliger stage. No evidence for cannibalism was found during development, but large size differences between embryos developing within each capsule were observed, and occasionally 'empty' veligers were seen, which had not successfully consumed any nurse eggs. These results indicate a high level of competition for nurse eggs within each capsule during development in the common whelk. The initial differences observed in nurse egg uptake may affect individual predisposition in later life.

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“…Within Thorson, 1950), but additional nutrition may also occasionally be 82 gained from intracapsular fluid (Bayne, 1968;Moran, 1999;Pechenik et al, 1984;83 Stöckmann-Bosbach, 1988) or capsule walls (Ojeda and Chaparro, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal tolerance during early ontogeny in the common whelk Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus 1785): Bioenergetics, nurse egg partitioning and developmental success

Smith

Thatje

Hauton

2013

Journal of Sea Research

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Morphological, gravimetric, and biochemical changes in Crepidula fecunda (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) egg capsule walls during embryonic development

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of oxygen conditions on intracapsular development in two calyptraeid species with different modes of larval development

Effect of oxygen conditions on intracapsular development in two calyptraeid species with different modes of larval development

Nurse egg consumption and intracapsular development in the common whelk Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus 1758)

Thermal tolerance during early ontogeny in the common whelk Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus 1785): Bioenergetics, nurse egg partitioning and developmental success

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