Morphological heterogeneity within the cingulate cortex in rat: a horseradish peroxidase transport study

Zeng, Deyan; Stuesse, Sherry L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91661-j

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The medial prefrontal cortex, and the Cg3 area in particular, also receives afferents from the hippocampus (34,35). Interestingly, limbic nuclei and the hippocampus express markers of neuronal activation, such as immediate early genes (in particular c-Fos), in response to peripheral noxious stimulation (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and functional reorganization of rat medial prefrontal cortex in neuropathic pain

Metz

Yau

Centeno

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

365

263

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Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that results from lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system. Depression and cognitive decline are often coupled to chronic pain, suggesting the involvement of cortical areas associated with higher cognitive functions. We investigated layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in acute slices of the contralateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the rat spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain and found morphological and functional differences between the mPFC of SNI and sham-operated animals. Basal, but not apical, dendrites of neurons from SNI rats are longer and have more branches than their counterparts in sham-operated animals; spine density is also selectively increased in basal dendrites of neurons from SNI rats; the morphological changes are accompanied by increased contribution to synaptic currents of the NMDA component. Interestingly, the NMDA/AMPA ratio of the synaptic current elicited in mPFC neurons by afferent fiber stimulation shows linear correlation with the rats' tactile threshold in the injured (but not in the contralateral) paw. Our results not only provide evidence that neuropathic pain leads to rearrangement of the mPFC, which may help defining the cellular basis for cognitive impairments associated with chronic pain, but also show pain-associated morphological changes in the cortex at single neuron level.T he prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with high-order cognitive and emotional functions including attention, decision making, goal-directed behavior, and working memory (1, 2). In humans, different subregions of the PFC have a role in acute pain; the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was found to be involved in signaling the unpleasantness of pain (3); the anterior cingulate cortex mediates the affective component of pain responses (4) and the placebo effect (5); and anticipation of pain is positively correlated with activity in both the anterior cingulate and mPFC (6). Lending support to the hypothesis that chronic pain involves cortical reorganization, functional MRI (fMRI) studies in patients with complex region pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) and back pain have shown that the patients' real-time rating of perceived intensity of spontaneous pain is associated with novel activity in mPFC (7, 8) when compared with activity patterns that correlate with rating of acute pain stimuli. Additionally, studies in humans with CRPS-I and chronic back pain demonstrate impaired performance on emotional decisionmaking tasks such as the Iowa Gambling Task (9), which implies involvement of the mPFC. Indeed, the performance of CRPS-I patients resembles that of patients with frontal cortex lesions. In patients with chronic back pain, the extent of activation of the mPFC during spontaneous pain and the extent of emotional, cognitive impairment correlate with the intensity of the pain and the duration of the condition (7). Finally, magnetic resonance studies show that chronic pain is associated with decreased gray matter density in various PFC regions (10, 11). Thus, the e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and functional reorganization of rat medial prefrontal cortex in neuropathic pain

Metz

Yau

Centeno

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

365

263

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…At the cortical level, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is prominently implicated in the control of emotional sweating [120]. The ACC has a dorsal and a ventral portion [203]. The dorsal ACC receives visual sensory inputs from the superior colliculus and directs output to brainstem regions controlling the eye and head movements essential for attentional mechanisms and subserving the orienting response (see later).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic skin response

et al. 2003

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Sympathetic skin response (SSR), defined as the momentary change of the electrical potential of the skin, may be spontaneous or reflexively evoked by a variety of internal or by externally applied arousal stimuli. Although the suprasegmental structures influencing the SSR in humans are not well known, SSR has been proposed as a non-invasive approach to investigate the function of the sympathetic system. SSR is easy to apply but current procedures are not sufficiently reliable for diagnostic purposes, and show imperfect correlations both with clinical features and other measurements of autonomic, in particular, sudomotor dysfunction.

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“…This uniform distribution of cells is in contrast to the fiber labeling in the presubiculum seen in the cases with tracer injections into the medial hemisphere of particularly the zones 1 and 3/4 (consistent with the data in rat, for review see Amaral and Witter 1995). Similar to the rat (Zeng and Stuesse 1991;Finch 1993) the retrogradely labeled cells in the tenrec's CA1 clearly outnumber the cells in the subiculum; in the monkey the number of hippocamponeocortical cells may be evenly distributed among the CA1 and the subiculum (Cavada et al 2000;Insausti and Munoz 2001), while in the cat most retrogradely labeled cells are found in the subiculum (Irle and Markowitsch 1982;Cavada et al 1985).…”

Section: Direct Hippocampo-neocortical Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Neocortical connections with perihippocampal and periamygdalar regions in the hedgehog tenrec

Künzle

2003

Anatomy and Embryology

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The perihippocampal fields represent the most important regions connecting the neocortex and the hippocampus in rat, cat and monkey but little is known about their presence and connectivity in species with poorly differentiated brain. Using axonal tracer substances we have recently studied the distribution of cortical cells projecting to the hippocampus in the hedgehog tenrec. In the present study we determined the regions of the paleocortex and the rhinal cortex connected with the neocortex, and provide a tentative view of the site and the extent of the tenrec's entorhinal, perirhinal and postrhinal/parahippocampal fields. It is shown that only the dorsal portions of the posterior rhinal cortex may be considered equivalent to the perirhinal and postrhinal fields of higher mammals, while a considerable expanse of the ventral rhinal cortex may be part of the entorhinal area (its so-called dorsal portion) connected with both the dentate gyrus and the neocortex. A few cells projecting to the neocortex were also noted in the dorsal-most portion of the three-layered paleocortex (ventral entorhinal portion). These cells were linearly arranged and reminiscent of the neocortical projecting cells in the entorhinal layer 4/5 in more differentiated mammals. The main portion of the paleocortex caudal to the corpus callosum remained unlabeled following neocortical and hippocampal tracer injections. Unexpectedly, the area in the most ventral paleocortex adjacent to the amygdala also projected to the neocortex, particularly the tenrec's somatosensorimotor cortex.

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Morphological heterogeneity within the cingulate cortex in rat: a horseradish peroxidase transport study

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Morphological and functional reorganization of rat medial prefrontal cortex in neuropathic pain

Morphological and functional reorganization of rat medial prefrontal cortex in neuropathic pain

Sympathetic skin response

Neocortical connections with perihippocampal and periamygdalar regions in the hedgehog tenrec

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