Morphological imaging and quantification of axial xylem tissue in Fraxinus excelsior L. through X-ray micro-computed tomography

Koddenberg, Tim; Militz, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.004

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the diameter of specimens in our study was 6 mm, which means the maximum absorption distance in longitudinal direction is 3 mm. The length of a tracheid cell is normally 2-3 mm in Scots pine and Norway spruce (Mäkinen et al 2008), and the length of fiber is approximately 1 mm in European ash (Koddenberg and Militz 2018). Therefore, the maximum distance of water migration is 1-3 cells.…”

Section: Amounts Of Water Components and Fsp Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of natural weathering on water absorption and pore size distribution in thermally modified wood determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermally modified wood (TMW) is widely used in outdoor applications due to its advanced properties towards weathering stresses. Although the structure changes of TMW from weather factors have been reported, investigation of the quantitative analysis of water states and cell wall structure of TMW after weathering is limited. In this work, the amount of bound water, fiber saturation point (FSP), cell wall pores, and free water distribution of thermally modified Scots pine, Norway spruce, and European ash were measured before and after a 2-year natural weathering via NMR relaxometry, cryoporometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that weathering increased T 2 relaxation time of lumens, indicating the degradation of tracheids and vessels, especially in TMW compared to unmodified wood. The amounts of bound water, FSP value, and cell wall pores were increased after weathering; however, an increase in thermal modification intensity resulted in lower FSP and limited the increase in number of pores. In summary, TMW showed better performance than unmodified wood after weathering. Keywords Bound water Á Free water Á Fiber saturation point (FSP) Á Cell wall pores Á Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Á Thermally modified wood

show abstract

Section: Amounts Of Water Components and Fsp Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of natural weathering on water absorption and pore size distribution in thermally modified wood determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This has become feasible with the rapid development in X-ray CT and its application in plant physiology over the past few years (Brodersen and Roddy, 2016;Scoffoni et al, 2017;Wason et al, 2017). For example, a X-ray micro-CT is capable of acquiring images at spatial resolution of less than 1.0 µm (Koddenberg and Militz, 2018). We anticipate that with the increase in the use of X-ray tomography, numerical models capable of simulating fluid flow at micrometer scale will play an important role not only in calculating hydraulic resistance but also in unraveling how the scalariform perforation plates combine with the bordered pits to work as safe valves to modulate embolism spreading when plant is under stress as well as embolism refilling after the stress is relieved (Brodersen et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Comparison With Literature Results Measured From Hydraulic-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discerning the Difference Between Lumens and Scalariform Perforation Plates in Impeding Water Flow in Single Xylem Vessels and Vessel Networks in Cotton

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geometrical structure and spatial arrangement of lumens, bordered pits, and scalariform perforation plates in xylem vessels modulate water flow from roots to leaves. Understanding their respective hydraulic functions is essential to unveil how plants regulate their hydraulic networks to facilitate the ascent of sap under biotic and abiotic stresses but is challenging because of the opaque nature of the vessel networks and water flow within them. We made the first-ever effort to discern the difference between lumens and scalariform perforation plates in cotton in impeding water flow in single vessels and vessel networks using X-ray tomography and porescale numerical simulation. Three-dimensional structures of xylem vessels in the stem of two cotton cultivars were acquired non-invasively using X-ray computed tomography (CT) at high spatial resolution, and a lattice Boltzmann model was developed to simulate water flow through the xylem networks at micrometer scale. The detailed water velocity and pressure simulated using the model were used to calculate the hydraulic resistance caused by the lumens and the scalariform perforation plates in individual vessels and the vessel networks of the two cotton cultivars. The results showed that the hydraulic resistance spiked whenever water flowed across a perforation plate and that the overall hydraulic resistance caused by the perforation plates in an individual vessel accounted for approximately 54% of the total resistance of the vessel. We also calculated the hydraulic conductance of individual vessels and vessel networks using the simulated water velocity and pressure at micrometer scale and compared it with those estimated from the Hagen Poiseuille (HP) equation as commonly used in the literature by approximating the xylem vessels in the cotton as isolated tubes. While it was found that the HP equation overestimated the hydraulic conductance by more than 200%, the overestimate was largely due to the incapability of the HP equation to represent the perforation plates rather than its approximation of the irregular vessels by circular tubes.

show abstract

“…Owing to the versatility of the instruments, it is difficult to quantify the time needed for scanning to allow comparison with other techniques, as it depends on the available equipment (detector read-out time), µCT can be considered a tomographic microscopy technique, and therefore is a suitable tool for studying wood anatomy at the cellular level in three dimensions. Examples of its use include studies of the 3D structure of juvenile aspen [286], investigation of reaction wood in detail [287], and visualization of specific anatomical features [288][289][290].…”

Section: Computer Tomography (Ct) Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques and What They Tell Us about Wood Property Variation

Schimleck

Dahlen

Apiolaza

et al. 2019

Forests

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To maximize utilization of our forest resources, detailed knowledge of wood property variation and the impacts this has on end-product performance is required at multiple scales (within and among trees, regionally). As many wood properties are difficult and time-consuming to measure our knowledge regarding their variation is often inadequate as is our understanding of their responses to genetic and silvicultural manipulation. The emergence of many non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methodologies offers the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the forest resource; however, it is critical to recognize that any technique has its limitations and it is important to select the appropriate technique for a given application. In this review, we will discuss the following technologies for assessing wood properties both in the field: acoustics, Pilodyn, Resistograph and Rigidimeter and the lab: computer tomography (CT) scanning, DiscBot, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, radial sample acoustics and SilviScan. We will discuss these techniques, explore their utilization, and list applications that best suit each methodology. As an end goal, NDE technologies will help researchers worldwide characterize wood properties, develop accurate models for prediction, and utilize field equipment that can validate the predictions. The continued advancement of NDE technologies will also allow researchers to better understand the impact on wood properties on product performance.

show abstract

Morphological imaging and quantification of axial xylem tissue in Fraxinus excelsior L. through X-ray micro-computed tomography

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of natural weathering on water absorption and pore size distribution in thermally modified wood determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

Effect of natural weathering on water absorption and pore size distribution in thermally modified wood determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

Discerning the Difference Between Lumens and Scalariform Perforation Plates in Impeding Water Flow in Single Xylem Vessels and Vessel Networks in Cotton

Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques and What They Tell Us about Wood Property Variation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About