Morphological, molecular and cytological analyses of Carica papaya×C. cauliflora interspecific hybrids

Magdalita, P. M.; Drew, R. A.; Adkins, Steve W.; Godwin, Ian D.

doi:10.1007/s001220050552

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Classical cytogenetic methods including chromosome counting and karyotyping may also be used to differentiate medicinal materials (Honda et al, 1994) and play a role in assessing hybridity of plants (Magdalita et al, 1997). Nevertheless, it is not useful in differentiation of closely related species.…”

Section: Biomedical Screening Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines

2003

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A World Health Organisation survey indicated that about 70-80% of the world populations rely on non-conventional medicine mainly of herbal sources in their primary healthcare. In recent years, we have witnessed the increasing growth in popularity of over-the-counter (OTC) health foods, nutraceuticals, and medicinal products from plants or other natural sources in developed countries. This indirectly indicates that the public is not satisfied with their orthodox medical (OM) treatment. Such increase in popularity has also brought concerns and fears over the professionalism of practitioners, and quality, efficacy and safety of their treatment methods and products from herbal and natural sources available in the market. Over the past decade several news-catching episodes in developed communities indicated adverse effects, sometimes life threatening, allegedly arisen consequential to taking of OTC herbal products or traditional medicines from various ethnic groups. These OTC products may be contaminated with excessive or banned pesticides, microbial contaminants, heavy metals, chemical toxins, and for adulterated with orthodox drugs. Excessive or banned pesticides, heavy metals and microbial contaminants may be related to the source of these herbal materials, if they are grown under contaminated environment or during collection of these plant materials. Chemical toxins may come from unfavourable or wrong storage conditions or chemical treatment due to storage. The presence of orthodox drugs can be related to unprofessional practice of manufacturers. Some of these environment related factors can be controlled by implementing standard operating procedures (SOP) leading to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Good Supply Practice (GSP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for producing these medicinal products from herbal or natural sources. The publicÕs belief that herbal and natural products are safer than synthetic medicines can only be ascertained by imposing regulatory standards on these products that should be manufactured using these Good Practices.Using Chinese medicines, as examples, this paper illustrate how advances in chemical and biomedical analysis would help to detect intentional and unintentional toxic contaminants in herbal substances. The paper also summarises how modernization and progress are being carried out to get the best out of Chinese medicines for public healthcare.

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Section: Biomedical Screening Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines

2003

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“…Research on crop improvement conducted so far has shown immense opportunities such as diminished stature, uniform fruiting, increased fruit size and quality, fruiting precocity, and tolerance to various abiotic stress conditions (e.g. cold temperature) 4,5 . The C. papaya trees exhibit sexual polymorphism as female, male and hermaphrodite plants and discrimination can only be defined in 5 -8 month old plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to sex expression in <i>Carica papaya</i> L.

Niroshini

Everard

Karunanayake

et al. 2008

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Carica papaya L. exhibits monoecious and dioecious plants that usually take six months for phenotypic manifestation. Nursery culling aided by sex-specific DNA markers was envisaged to alleviate the unnecessary cost incurred by farmers for maintaining unproductive male plants that contribute to 40-50% of the population. The mechanism of sex determination in papaya has been described as a tri-allelic single gene system with alleles, M 1 -dominant for maleness, M 2 -dominant for hermaphrodism and m-recessive for femaleness with diploid zygotes; M 1 M 1 , M 2 M 2 and M 1 M 2 being inviable. Bulked DNA samples of male, female and hermaphrodite plants were amplified by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) using 100 random primers. Twenty of most promising of these were analyzed among individual sex types. Two sex-specific fragments, OPC09-1.7 and OPE03-0.4 were associated with maleness and hermaphrodism. The segregation of these two markers was analyzed in the F 1 population obtained by selfpollinating a hermaphrodite plant. A linkage was detected between the RAPD markers, OPC09-1.7 and OPE03-0.4 and the male and hermaphrodite sex of papaya plants. These sex-specific RAPD fragments were cloned and sequenced for converting them to more authentic SCAR markers. The Southern blot hybridization of RAPD-PCR products obtained by amplification of female, male and hermaphrodite papaya DNA amplified by OPC09 primer using radio labeled recombinant plasmid detected a polymorphic fragment in male and hermaphrodite papaya sex types. The nucleotide sequence of OPC09-1.7 fragment showed the possibility of developing more authentic SCAR markers to enhance the accurate sex determination of Carica papaya at the nursery stage.

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“…Such variations have been found in polyploid hybrids in Hordeum (Linde-Laursen and Von Bothmer 1998), Brassica (Song et al 1995), Carica papayaϫC. cauliflora (Magdalita et al 1997), Helianthus annuusϫH. tuberosus (Natali et al 1998), Cucumis hystrixϫC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Karyotypic Variability in Experimental Diploid and Triploid Hybrids of Aloe vera*A. saponaria

Buiza¹,

Raymúndez

Menéndez-Yuffá

2008

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Cytogenetic traits were examined in Aloe saponaria (2S), A. vera (2V and 4V), and the experimental diploid (VS) and triploid (VVS) hybrids. Karyotype 2nϭ2xϭ14 (8Lϩ6S) was confirmed in 2S and 2V, whereas 2nϭ4xϭ28 (16Lϩ12S) was ascribed to 4V. VS showed the expected karyotype 2nϭ2xϭ14 (8Lϩ6S), with slight differences between the long (L) homologues. VVS also showed the expected karyotype 2nϭ3xϭ21 (12Lϩ9S); however, several chromosome deviations reflecting the absence or addition of small (S) chromosomes, terminal deletions of variable size which led to the formation of atypical chromosomes, or the loss of a L chromosome were also observed. The implication of these karyological variations is discussed.

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Morphological, molecular and cytological analyses of Carica papaya×C. cauliflora interspecific hybrids

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines

Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines

Detection of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to sex expression in <i>Carica papaya</i> L.

Karyotypic Variability in Experimental Diploid and Triploid Hybrids of Aloe vera*A. saponaria

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