Morphological structure influences the initial landing position in words during reading Finnish

Hyönä, Jukka; Yan, Ming; Vainio, Seppo

doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1267233

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In two experiments, respectively implementing corpus-analytic and experimental control approaches, Yan et al (2014) reported consistent effects of morphological complexity on FL during the reading of Uighur script, an Arabic-derived agglutinative alphabetic language with rich suffixes. In a replication of their critical findings in Finnish, another morphologically rich language, Hyönä, Yan, and Vainio (2016) found that FL shifted closer to the word beginning for morphologically complex than for monomorphemic words. Lexical effects on fixation locations have also been reported for German (Hohenstein, Matuschek, & Kliegl, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading

et al. 2018

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During sentence reading, low spatial frequency information afforded by spaces between words is the primary factor for eye guidance in spaced writing systems, whereas saccade generation for unspaced writing systems is less clear and under debate. In the present study, we investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) influences saccade-target selection in Chinese. In Experiment 1, as compared to a baseline (i.e., uniform color) condition, word segmentation with alternating color shifted fixation location towards the center of words. In contrast, incorrect word segmentation shifted fixation location towards the beginning of words. In Experiment 2, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm to restrict the color manipulation only to the upcoming parafoveal words and replicated the results, including fixation location effects, as observed in Experiment 1. These results indicate that Chinese readers are capable of making use of parafoveal word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, even if such information is unfamiliar to them. The present study provides novel support for the hypothesis that word segmentation is involved in the decision about where to fixate next during Chinese reading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading

et al. 2018

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“…The two saccade-targeting hypotheses make opposite predictions: According to a strong version of the dynamic-adjustment hypothesis, target words that are high frequency or have clear boundaries should engender longer saccades because they are easier to process, while according to a strong version of the default-targeting hypothesis, such targets should increase the probability of the eyes being directed towards the centers of the targets because they are easier to segment. Of course, a hybrid account might predict that our manipulations differentially affect where the eyes move (e.g., see Hyönä, Yan, & Vainio, 2018)-a possibility that was also tested by the experiments reported next.…”

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confidence: 90%

The effects of parafoveal word frequency and segmentation on saccade targeting during Chinese reading

Liu

et al. 2019

Psychon Bull Rev

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Two eye-movement experiments are reported in which a boundary paradigm was used to manipulate the presence versus absence of boundaries for high-frequency and low-frequency target words in the parafovea. In Experiment 1, this was done by introducing a blank space after the target words, whereas in Experiment 2 this was done by rendering the target words in red. In both experiments, higher frequency targets engendered longer saccades, whereas the presence of parafoveal word boundaries engendered shorter saccades. This pattern suggests the operation of two countermanding saccade-targeting mechanisms: one that uses parafoveal processing difficulty to adjust saccade lengths and a second that uses word boundaries to direct the eyes toward specific saccade targets. The implications of these findings for models of eye-movement control during reading are discussed, as are suggestions for integrating dynamic-adjustment and default-targeting accounts. Keywords Chinese reading. Dynamic-adjustment model. Eye-movement control. Word segmentation Skilled reading requires the coordination of lexical processing with eye movements to rapidly extract visual information from the printed page. One important aspect of this coordination is saccade targeting, or the Bdecisions^about where to move the eyes. Because much of what has been learned about eyemovement control in reading has come from studies involving alphabetic writing systems, models of how readers decide where to move their eyes have been informed largely by what has been learned from studying languages like English and German, where the eyes seem to be directed toward a small number of default targets (e.g., see Engbert, Nuthmann, Ricter, & Kliegl, 2005; Reichle, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2012). For example, with English, readers seem to direct their eyes slightly to the left of a word's center, toward the preferred-viewing location (PVL;

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“…The single fixation position is more likely to be at the beginning or middle of the word for Chinese and Japanese, and at the middle for alphabetic languages. In Uighur, an agglutinative language that relies on heavy use of suffixes, landing position is also influenced by the number of suffixes (M. Yan et al, 2014), suggesting that morphological structure of parafoveal words influences saccade programs (also found in Finnish; Hyönä, Yan, & Vainio, 2017).…”

Section: Other Eye Movement Corpora Based On the Psc Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Russian Sentence Corpus: Benchmark measures of eye movements in reading in Russian

et al. 2018

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This article introduces a new corpus of eye movements in silent reading-the Russian Sentence Corpus (RSC). Russian uses the Cyrillic script, which has not yet been investigated in cross-linguistic eye movement research. As in every language studied so far, we confirmed the expected effects of low-level parameters, such as word length, frequency, and predictability, on the eye movements of skilled Russian readers. These findings allow us to add Slavic languages using Cyrillic script (exemplified by Russian) to the growing number of languages with different orthographies, ranging from the Roman-based European languages to logographic Asian ones, whose basic eye movement benchmarks conform to the universal comparative science of reading (Share, 2008). We additionally report basic descriptive corpus statistics and three exploratory investigations of the effects of Russian morphology on the basic eye movement measures, which illustrate the kinds of questions that researchers can answer using the RSC. The annotated corpus is freely available from its project page at the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/x5q2r/ .

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Morphological structure influences the initial landing position in words during reading Finnish

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading

Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading

The effects of parafoveal word frequency and segmentation on saccade targeting during Chinese reading

Russian Sentence Corpus: Benchmark measures of eye movements in reading in Russian

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