Morphological study of two human facial muscles: Orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii

Katzir

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

et al. 2006

Although facial expressions of emotion are universal, individual differences create a facial expression ''signature'' for each person; but, is there a unique family facial expression signature? Only a few family studies on the heredity of facial expressions have been performed, none of which compared the gestalt of movements in various emotional states; they compared only a few movements in one or two emotional states. No studies, to our knowledge, have compared movements of congenitally blind subjects with their relatives to our knowledge. Using two types of analyses, we show a correlation between movements of congenitally blind subjects with those of their relatives in think-concentrate, sadness, anger, disgust, joy, and surprise and provide evidence for a unique family facial expression signature. In the analysis ''in-out family test,'' a particular movement was compared each time across subjects. Results show that the frequency of occurrence of a movement of a congenitally blind subject in his family is significantly higher than that outside of his family in think-concentrate, sadness, and anger. In the analysis ''the classification test,'' in which congenitally blind subjects were classified to their families according to the gestalt of movements, results show 80% correct classification over the entire interview and 75% in anger. Analysis of the movements' frequencies in anger revealed a correlation between the movements' frequencies of congenitally blind individuals and those of their relatives. This study anticipates discovering genes that influence facial expressions, understanding their evolutionary significance, and elucidating repair mechanisms for syndromes lacking facial expression, such as autism.facial movements ͉ genetics ͉ congenitally blind ͉ gestalt ͉ individual differences

Section: Individual Differences In Facial Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We created an index of 43 movements, including all of the movements observed that were documented; nine of them (movements 8,10,19,35,36,37,38,39, and 40 in Table 2) included two movements that appeared in tandem, one immediately preceding the other. Documenting Facial Movements.…”

Section: Index Of Facial Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hereditary family signature of facial expression

Katzir

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

et al. 2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

“…The corrugator supercilii also has 2.4 times as many capillaries per unit weight. 71 Several studies have described the relationship between the response at the eyebrow and either diaphragmatic response or intubating conditions. 42,[72][73][74][75] The movement of the eyebrow was evaluated either visually or by electromyography.…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular blockade at the larynx, the diaphragm and the corrugator supercilii muscle: a review

Hemmerling

Donati

2003

P Pu ur rp po os se e: : To review recent findings concerning neuromuscular blockade and monitoring at the larynx, the diaphragm, and the corrugator supercilii muscle.S So ou ur rc ce e: : This narrative review is based on recent publications. P Pr ri in nc ci ip pa al l f fi in nd di in ng gs s: : Neuromuscular blockade at the larynx and the diaphragm is less intense than at the adductor pollicis muscle; the onset and offset of neuromuscular blockade is more rapid. The corrugator supercilii muscle reflects better the time course of neuromuscular blockade of the larynx than the adductor pollicis muscle, is better suited to monitor the onset of neuromuscular blockade for intubation, and should give a better reflection of the time course and degree of neuromuscular blockade of the larynx or the diaphragm. Recovery of neuromuscular function at the end of any procedure is best reflected at the adductor pollicis muscle where neuromuscular transmission is last restored. Clinical monitoring of the larynx or the diaphragm is still limited by the absence of a simple method. Acceleromyography of the corrugator supercilii muscle is prone to artifacts that do not occur during monitoring of the adductor pollicis muscle. Phonomyography, a new method of monitoring that is currently being tested, is based on the phenomenon that muscle contraction creates low-frequency sound waves, which can be detected using special microphones to quantify neuromuscular blockade. This method seems promising because it can be easily used on all muscles of interest.C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Research during the last 15 years has greatly enhanced our knowledge about how muscles react differently to muscle relaxants and has enabled us to achieve better surgical conditions with safer use of muscle relaxants. Interesting technologies have been developed to reliably monitor neuromuscular blockade at the larynx and the diaphragm, but are currently restricted to research settings. Our increased understanding should help us in ongoing efforts to develop the "ideal" muscle relaxant and the "ideal" method of neuromuscular monitoring. Objectif

“…Anatomy 2010; 4 Minimal recovery has been attributed to misdirected (called also aberrant) regrowth of axons at the transection site and vigorous "intramuscular" or "terminal" sprouting of axons in the target muscles. 17 At the site of injury, the aberrant reinnervation has two components.…”

Section: Therapy Of Post-operative Facial Palsymentioning

confidence: 85%

Experimental studies on post-transectional facial nerve regrowth and functional recovery of paralyzed muscles of the face in rats and mice

Skouras¹,

Angelov²

2010

Anatomy

The facial nerve is the most frequently damaged nerve in head and neck traumata. Apart from traffic-accident injuries (temporal bone fractures, or lacerations of the face), most facial nerve lesions are post-operative AbstractInsufficient recovery after peripheral nerve injury has been attributed to (i) lack of axonal navigation and poor pathfinding of regrowing axons to improper targets, (ii) excessive collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and (iii) polyneuronal reinnervation of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The facial nerve transection model in rat and mice has been used to measure the restoration of function after varying therapies and to examine the mechanisms underlying their effects. Since it is still very difficult to combat the first reason and control/correct the navigation of several thousand axons, several groups of scientists concentrated our efforts on the postlesional branching (extremely strong in adult rats) and NMJ-polyinnervation. Since polyneuronal innervation of muscle fibers is activity-dependent attempts to reduce it were performed applying electrical stimulation. Unfortunately, the highly recommended intraoperative electrical stimulation of the proximal nerve fragment (square 0.1 ms pulses at 20 Hz using suprathreshold amplitudes) prior to suture and the postoperative electrical stimulation (square 0.1 ms pulses at 5 Hz) not only did not improve functional outcome, but reduced the number of innervated NMJ to approximately one fifth of normal values. Finally, recent experiments demonstrated that it was the mechanical (but not electrical) stimulation of denervated facial muscles (vibrissal and orbicularis oculi) which improved motor performance. This beneficial effect of mechanical stimulation was also detected after hypoglossal-facial anastomosis and inter-positional nerve grafting. The beneficial effect of manual stimulation on target muscle reinnervation was not present in mice deficient in the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and also eliminated or even reversed when trigeminal afferent inputs were abolished. All these findings raise hopes that clinically feasible and effective therapies could be soon designed and tested.