Morphological Variability and Flavonol Chemistry of the Pyrola asarifolia Complex (Ericaceae) in North America

A molecular phylogeny and a new classification ofPyrola(Pyroleae, Ericaceae)

“…Morphological synapomorphies for Pyrola include curved style orientation and chromosome number of 2n = 46 (except P. minor which is characterized by a short and erect style, and P. media with chromosome number of 2n = 92; Liu & al., unpub.). Pyrola is a very uniform group possessing only subtle variations in such features as leaf shape and size, and form of the scape bracts, as well as sepal shape and flower color (Křísa, 1971;Haber & Cruise, 1974;Haber, 1983). These minor morphological variations have posed great difficulties in species delimitation for systematic studies.…”

“…Leaf and floral characters are continuous, making species within this series difficult to identify and delimit. A considerable diversity of taxonomic opinion as well as nomenclatural complexity has arisen (Křísa, 1966(Křísa, , 1967(Křísa, , 1969(Křísa, , 1971Haber, 1972Haber, , 1983Haber, , 1985Haber & Takahashi, 1988). Such taxonomic puzzles are also reflected on our individual MP phylogenetic trees, in which phylogenetic relationships are unresolved as a polytomy (Figs.…”

Homogenate-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of active compounds from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. and the extraction kinetics study

“…In addition, it is also called Lu shou cha for daily drinking (Yao et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013). In North America, it has another name called Pyrola asarifolia (Haber, 1983). According to the preliminary chemical research and pharmacological studies on the P. incarnata, it was found that hyperin, 2″-Ogalloylhyperin and chimaphilin were all the beneficial compounds responsible for bioactivities of this plant.…”

Multiple origins of circumboreal taxa in Pyrola (Ericaceae), a group with a Tertiary relict distribution

“…maritima) also reflect ecological diversity within the group. Despite this, there is little genetic (Liu et al, 2010) or morphological (Haber, 1983;Haber and Takahashi, 1988) differentiation within the group. The group again originated in Asia, but might have reached North America twice (though the support values are too low to confirm this).…”