Morphology and structure characterization of bacterial celluloses produced by different strains in agitated culture

Bi, Jicai; Liu, S.‐X.; Li, C.‐F.; Li, J.; Liu, L.‐X.; Deng, Jun; Yang, Ying

doi:10.1111/jam.12619

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The macroscopical appearance of the BNC from cultures based on the eight carbon sources was similar, as gelatinous pellicles were formed on the surface of the culture medium. This observation agrees with previous reports (Watanabe et al ., ; Bi et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of productivity and quality of bacterial nanocellulose synthesized using culture media based on seven sugars from biomass

Chen

et al. 2019

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 23770 was statically cultivated in eight culture media based on different carbon sources, viz. seven biomass‐derived sugars and one sugar mixture. The productivity and quality of the bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced in the different media were compared. Highest volumetric productivity, yield on consumed sugar, viscometric degree of polymerization (DPv, 4350–4400) and thermal stability were achieved using media based on glucose or maltose. Growth in media based on xylose, mannose or galactose resulted in lower volumetric productivity and DPv, but in larger fibril diameter and higher crystallinity (76–78%). Growth in medium based on a synthetic sugar mixture resembling the composition of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate promoted BNC productivity and yield, but decreased fibril diameter, DPv, crystallinity and thermal stability. This work shows that volumetric productivity, yield and properties of BNC are highly affected by the carbon source, and indicates how industrially relevant sugar mixtures would affect these characteristics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of productivity and quality of bacterial nanocellulose synthesized using culture media based on seven sugars from biomass

Chen

et al. 2019

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…It is well-known that BC is a homogeneous polycrystalline macromolecular compound composed of ordered crystalline and less ordered amorphous regions [51]. To determine the crystal structure and the crystalline contents of BC, all samples were analyzed by XRD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the two broad peaks were assigned to (100) and (110) planes of cellulose I α or (11¯0) and (200) planes of cellulose I β , respectively, the weak peak indicated the presence of the (010) plane of cellulose I α or the (110) plane of cellulose I β (Figure 3) [52]. The higher intensity of the peak 14.5° than that of the peak 16.6° made it clear that the content of I α was higher than I β [53] and the shape of the cellulose crystallites was rectangular rather than square cross-sectional [51], in agreement with the cases of Singhsa et al [12] and Keshk and Sameshima [54]. It was interesting to note that although acetate and ethanol produced limited BCs, they showed a similar XRD pattern to the BCs produced from the above-mentioned sugars (Figure 3a,b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis from Different Carbon Sources and the Associated Biochemical Transformation Pathways in Komagataeibacter sp. W1

et al. 2018

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Cellulose is the most abundant and widely used biopolymer on earth and can be produced by both plants and micro-organisms. Among bacterial cellulose (BC)-producing bacteria, the strains in genus Komagataeibacter have attracted wide attention due to their particular ability in furthering BC production. Our previous study reported a new strain of genus Komagataeibacter from a vinegar factory. To evaluate its capacity for BC production from different carbon sources, the present study subjected the strain to media spiked with 2% acetate, ethanol, fructose, glucose, lactose, mannitol or sucrose. Then the BC productivity, BC characteristics and biochemical transformation pathways of various carbon sources were fully investigated. After 14 days of incubation, strain W1 produced 0.040–1.529 g L−1 BC, the highest yield being observed in fructose. Unlike BC yields, the morphology and microfibrils of BCs from different carbon sources were similar, with an average diameter of 35–50 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all membranes produced from various carbon sources had 1–3 typical diffraction peaks, and the highest crystallinity (i.e., 90%) was found for BC produced from mannitol. Similarly, several typical spectra bands obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were similar for the BCs produced from different carbon sources, as was the Iα fraction. The genome annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the biochemical transformation pathways associated with the utilization of and BC production from fructose, glucose, glycerol, and mannitol were found in strain W1, but this was not the case for other carbon sources. Our data provides suggestions for further investigations of strain W1 to produce BC by using low molecular weight sugars and gives clues to understand how this strain produces BC based on metabolic pathway analysis.

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“…(Wu, Gai & Ji, 2004;Zhang, Zhang & Xin, 2011) have also been found in kombucha cultures. For aerobic species that produce BC, such as K. xylinus, agitated bioreactors increase cell growth and cellulose yield by improving the oxygen transfer rate (Reiniati, Hrymak & Margaritis, 2017); however, rather than forming a surface pellicle, agitation produces spherical or asterisk-like particles of cellulose in the culture media (Bi et al, 2014;Singhsa, Narain & Manuspiya, 2018). The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for BC yield for a strain of this bacteria was reported to be 10% in fed-batch cultures (Hwang et al, 1999), as greater oxygen concentrations result in a shift towards gluconic acid production and reduced cell viability, while lower concentrations reduce cell growth (Lee et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Bacteria-produced Biofilm Might Provide Protection From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem (v0.2)"

2019

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Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage with an acidic and effervescent taste, is composed of a multispecies microbial ecosystem with complex interactions that are characterized by both cooperation and conflict. In kombucha, a complex community of bacteria and yeast initiates the fermentation of a starter tea (usually black or green tea with sugar), producing a biofilm that covers the liquid over several weeks. This happens through several fermentative phases that are characterized by cooperation and competition among the microbes within the kombucha solution. Yeast produce invertase as a public good that enables both yeast and bacteria to metabolize sugars. Bacteria produce a surface biofilm which may act as a public good providing protection from invaders, storage for resources, and greater access to oxygen for microbes embedded within it. The ethanol and acid produced during the fermentative process (by yeast and bacteria, respectively) may also help to protect the system from invasion by microbial competitors from the environment. Thus, kombucha can serve as a model system for addressing important questions about the evolution of cooperation and conflict in diverse multispecies systems. Further, it has the potential to be artificially selected to specialize it for particular human uses, including the development of antimicrobial ecosystems and novel materials. Finally, kombucha is easily-propagated, non-toxic, and inexpensive, making it an excellent system for scientific inquiry and citizen science.

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Morphology and structure characterization of bacterial celluloses produced by different strains in agitated culture

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

Comparison of productivity and quality of bacterial nanocellulose synthesized using culture media based on seven sugars from biomass

Comparison of productivity and quality of bacterial nanocellulose synthesized using culture media based on seven sugars from biomass

Insights into Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis from Different Carbon Sources and the Associated Biochemical Transformation Pathways in Komagataeibacter sp. W1

Peer Review #2 of "Kombucha: a novel model system for cooperation and conflict in a complex multi-species microbial ecosystem (v0.2)"

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