Morphology construction of vertical phase separation for large-area polymer solar cells

Wu, Fan; Ye, Feng; Chen, Zhaobin; Cui, Yi; Yang, Deqin; Li, Zidong; Zhao, Xiaoli; Yang, Xiaoniu

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2015.07.010

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In comparison, TMB and TEB have a much lower volatility rate than CB at room temperate. When the spray solution consists of 80% CB and 20% TMB or TEB, CB would be first volatilized, and then PBDB-T-2Cl-rich domains would precipitate at the surface and form a network structure extended from the surface to the body, and IT4F was located in a deeper position, that is, the blend film would form a clear vertical phase separation structure, providing an efficient potential pathway for positive/negative carriers to transport and be collected by electrodes (Li et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2015). Accordingly, the performance of the device prepared using TMB or TEB shows a considerable improvement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Triple Symmetric Non-halogen Benzene Derivative Solvent for Spray-Coated Polymer Solar Cells

Tang

Bai³

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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The performance of spray-coated polymer solar cells could be largely improved via morphologies and phase optimization by solvent engineering. However, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge and know-how in controlling blend morphology by using various solvents. Here, the effect of adding low polar benzene and non-halogen benzene derivatives with triple symmetric molecular has been systematically investigated and discussed. It is found that the triple symmetric non-halogen benzene could promote the formation of preferential face-on molecule orientation for PBDB-T-2Cl:IT4F films by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that PBDB-T-2Cl could be transported to the surface of the blend film during drying process. A 3D opt-digital microscope shows that triple symmetric non-halogen benzene could also improve the morphologies of active layers by reducing the coffee ring or other micro-defects. Due to the appropriate vapor pressures, devices with mixing 20% benzene or the triple symmetric non-halogen in spray solution could significantly improve the device performance. Device prepared using 20% 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and 80% chlorobenzene (CB) mixture solvent has the best morphology and phase structure, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device was increased nearly 60 to 10.21% compared with the device using CB as the only solvent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Triple Symmetric Non-halogen Benzene Derivative Solvent for Spray-Coated Polymer Solar Cells

Tang

Bai³

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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“…The evolution of the vertical phase separation in the blend film occurs during SVA because the P3HT surface energy is substantially less than that of PCBM, and consequently, P3HT molecules are preferentially concentrated on top of the blend film. 2,3,11,18) This could induce the recombination of photogenerated charges at the interface of the cathode= photoactive layer and thereby decreased the open-circuit voltage. 31) Since SVA kinetically alters the vertical phase morphology of the blend film, the device performance could deteriorate upon excessive SVA owing to the larger degree of vertical phase separation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] OPVs are promising candidates for ubiquitous power sources that are inexpensive, lightweight, and flexible. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Simple, efficient roll-to-roll printing processes for the mass production of these devices are expected to reduce fabrication costs significantly. [12][13][14][15] Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as an electron donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an electron acceptor are the commonly used materials for OPV fabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman study of bulk-heterojunction morphology in photoactive layers treated with solvent-vapor annealing

Onojima¹,

Ishima²,

Izumi³

et al. 2017

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The effect of solvent-vapor annealing (SVA) on bulk-heterojunction morphology in photoactive layers composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. We prepared the photoactive layers by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and fabricated organic photovoltaic devices with a conventional cell structure. Although postdeposition annealing can be omitted when the photoactive layer is deposited using ESD under dry condition, the surface is relatively rough owing to the existence of a number of droplet traces. The SVA treatment can eliminate such droplet traces, while excessive SVA resulted in a significant decrease in open-circuit voltage. The Raman study of the bulk-heterojunction morphology demonstrated the accumulation of P3HT molecules on the surface during SVA, which induced the recombination of photogenerated charges at the interface of the cathode/photoactive layer and thereby decreased the open-circuit voltage.

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“…Since the phase separation phenomenon is initiated by solvent evaporation, solution casting methods are commonly used for fabricating OFETs based on blend films. [48][49][50][51][52] However, a post-drying treatment is necessary to remove residual solvents from the deposited film. Although rapid thermal annealing might be a possible choice for high-speed printing, plastic substrates are vulnerable to heat due to the glass transition.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible organic field-effect transistors based on 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene/polystyrene blend film prepared by electrostatic spray deposition

Onojima

Mori

Ozawa

et al. 2020

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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In this study, we fabricated flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) (bottom-gate and top-contact architecture) based on the blend film composed of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) as a π-conjugated small-molecule semiconductor and polystyrene (PS) as a polymer insulator. Blend solutions including both the TIPS pentacene and PS molecules were electrosprayed onto bottom-gate electrodes which were patterned on polyethylene naphthalate films. The devices exhibited superior electrical characteristics due to well-defined vertical phase separation between the TIPS pentacene crystalline layer (top) and PS insulator (bottom). This study will contribute to a facile one-step printing process to produce high-performance flexible OFETs.

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Morphology construction of vertical phase separation for large-area polymer solar cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 60 publications

Investigation of Triple Symmetric Non-halogen Benzene Derivative Solvent for Spray-Coated Polymer Solar Cells

Investigation of Triple Symmetric Non-halogen Benzene Derivative Solvent for Spray-Coated Polymer Solar Cells

Raman study of bulk-heterojunction morphology in photoactive layers treated with solvent-vapor annealing

Flexible organic field-effect transistors based on 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene/polystyrene blend film prepared by electrostatic spray deposition

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