Morphology of the human xiphoid process: dissection and radiography of cadavers and MDCT of patients

Xie, Yuan-Zhong; Wang, Baojian; Yun, Jisoo; Chung, Gung Ho; Zhen-bo, MA; Li, Xiu Juan; Kim, Ik Seong; Chai, Ok Hee; Han, Eui-Hyeog; Kim, Hyoung Tae; Song, Chang Ho

doi:10.1007/s00276-013-1163-8

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The xiphoid process constitutes the most distal and short part of the sternum, featuring great amplitude of variations. It is articulated superiorly with body of sternum (sternoxiphoidal joint) and laterally with the inferior portion of 7 th costal cartilage [11,27,29].…”

Section: Anatomy and Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological approach of the sternal foramen: an anatomic study and a short review of the literature

Gkantsinikoudis

Chaniotakis²,

Gkasdaris³

et al. 2017

Folia Morphol

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Section: Anatomy and Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological approach of the sternal foramen: an anatomic study and a short review of the literature

Gkantsinikoudis

Chaniotakis²,

Gkasdaris³

et al. 2017

Folia Morphol

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“…ventral or dorsal deviation, hook like, reverse “S” shape). [ 12 28 ] We have encountered few cases of elongated xiphoid process measuring more than 4 cm in length, out of which one was reverse “S” shaped [Figures 19 and 20 ]. In another subject, the xiphoid process was laterally deviated, resembling a semilunar or “C” shape [ Figure 21 ].…”

Section: Xiphoid Ending Ossification and Xiphoid Ligament Calcificamentioning

confidence: 99%

MDCT evaluation of sternal variations: Pictorial essay

Duraikannu

Noronha

Sundarrajan

2016

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging

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Sternal variations and anomalies have been identified in the past during autopsy or cadaveric studies. Recently, an increasing number of minor sternal variations have been reported with the advent of multidetector computed tomography (CT). Although there are many sternal variations that occur with varying appearance and prevalence, most of them are not recognized or are underreported during routine imaging of thorax. Identification of sternal variations is important to differentiate from pathological conditions and to prevent fatal complications prior to sternal interventions like marrow aspiration or acupuncture. This article aims to describe the minor and asymptomatic sternal variations by multidetector CT and their clinical significance.

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“…Mean length, width, and thickness were 50 mm, 22 mm, and 7.3 mm, respectively [9]. Xie et al [5] reported that the mean length, width, and thickness was 60.31, 23.42, and 8.25 mm in 943 sternums (41 cadavers and 902 patients), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, we report an elongated xiphoid process that protrudes dorsally in the shape of a “hook.” Few have reported a dorsally hooked xiphoid process [4]. The hook-shaped xiphoid process has possible clinical consequences associated with it, e.g., mimicking an epigastric mass [5]. This has the potential to lead to unnecessary medical procedures that could be avoided by understanding anatomical variations of the xiphoid process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An elongated dorsally curved xiphoid process

2019

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The xiphoid process of the sternum lies in the epigastric region and functions to serve as an attachment point for vital muscles that aid in respiration. With the xiphoid process extending as the most inferior portion of the sternum, variable morphology is widely observed. During a routine dissection of a 44-year-old Caucasian male cadaver, we discovered a hook-shaped, elongated xiphoid process that protruded dorsally. Potential clinical significance can arise leading to misdiagnosis of the hook-shaped xiphoid process as an epigastric mass during imaging. Though various variations of xiphoid process have been well documented, knowledge of a hook-shaped xiphoid process orientated dorsally remains scarce. Herein, this case study provides clinicians, surgeons, and radiologists a rare anomaly of the xiphoid process in order to further the knowledge of morphological variations of the xiphoid to prevent misdiagnosis and surgical complications.

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Morphology of the human xiphoid process: dissection and radiography of cadavers and MDCT of patients

Abstract: Human xiphoid process appeared in morphological diversity. The anatomic structure and ossification degree of xiphoid process was well evaluated by MDCT. Our data may be used for diagnosis and surgical treatment of xiphoid process-related diseases.

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Morphological approach of the sternal foramen: an anatomic study and a short review of the literature

Morphological approach of the sternal foramen: an anatomic study and a short review of the literature

MDCT evaluation of sternal variations: Pictorial essay

An elongated dorsally curved xiphoid process

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