Morphology of the Retromandibular Vein in Relation to the Facial Nerve in the Parotid Gland

Kopuz, Cem; Ilgi, Sezgin; Yavuz, Selami; Önderoğlu, S.

doi:10.1159/000147685

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In this study, the cervicofacial division of the facial nerve arose in relation to the lateral aspect of this vein in 83% of specimens and in relation to the medial aspect in 17%. However, Kopuz et al (1995) and Dingman et al (1962) reported that the cervicofacial division passed across its lateral aspect in over 90% of cases. Lee (1987), studying Korean materials, and Savary et al (1997) reported that the cervicofacial division passed the superficial side of the retromandibular vein in all cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in Koreans

Kim

Nam

et al. 2008

Clinical Anatomy

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The marginal mandibular branch (MMB) has a particular risk of injury during surgical procedures in the submandibular region, especially over the lower border of the mandible. The facial nerve has been described in many studies, but the MMB is dealt with generally as a branch of the facial nerve. The purpose of this study was to document the anatomy of the MMB by correlation with anatomical landmarks. Eighty-five facial halves were examined for this study. The MMB was classified according to the number of branches and their connections with other branches, and by its relationship with landmarks of the gonion, facial artery, and retromandibular vein. The MMB showed one (28%), two (52%), three (18%), or four branches (2%) where it exited the parotid gland. Classification was based on connection with other branches. Type I (60%) did not communicate with other branches. Type II (40%) communicated with the buccal or cervical branches, or with another branch of the MMB. The cervicofacial division coursed along the lateral aspect of the retromandibular vein in 83% of specimens. The MMB passed the facial artery superficially (42%), passed it deeply in 4%, and ran on both sides of it in 54% of the facial halves. The distribution of the MMB formed a quadrilateral with angles +19.8 mm, -8.1 mm, +30.0 mm, and -15.3 mm measured from two sides on the inferior border of the mandible. These topographical data should help to decrease the incidence of injuries during surgery on the submandibular regions in Koreans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in Koreans

Kim

Nam

et al. 2008

Clinical Anatomy

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“…Lim et al found that the accuracy of the RMV landmark was higher in patients with tumors <2 cm . Seldom the RMV can run superficially to the FN and lead to misinterpretation of the US findings . Therefore, the relationship of tumors to other anatomical landmarks has also been considered in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultrasound can help to indirectly predict contact of parotid tumors to the facial nerve, correct intraglandular localization, and appropriate surgical technique

et al. 2019

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Background The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the role of ultrasound in benign parotid tumor surgery, particularly by helping to identify the tumor location and its relationship to the facial nerve (FN) and by predicting the appropriate surgical approach. Methods Fifty patients underwent preoperative ultrasound. The course of the FN was indirectly defined, and the following predictions were made: contact of the tumor with the FN, the necessity for intraoperative nerve exposure, localization in the correct parotid lobe, and choice of the appropriate surgical technique. Results Contact of parotid tumors with the FN was determined with an accuracy of 96%. The need for intraoperative nerve exposure was incorrectly determined only once. The appropriate surgical technique was correctly predicted in 98% of the patients. Conclusions Ultrasound is helpful for indirectly predicting the relationship between parotid tumors and the FN. The retromandibular vein is the most important landmark.

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“…In the study of Kopuz et al, [12] it was concluded that the RV lied medial to the FN temporofacial and cervicofacial divisions in 90% (45/50), and in 10% (5/50) the RV course was medial to the temporofacial and lateral to the cervicofacial divisions, whereas in a single case the RV was detected lateral to the nerve, at its bifurcation level. The authors also noticed that in 74% of the cases, the vein crossed the nerve at a level between the bifurcation and ramification points [12]. After examining 85 facial halves in cadavers, Kim et al [11] observed lateral position of the FN cervicofacial division in relation to the vein in 83%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%