Morphometric and gut microbial evaluation of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on different levels of Moringa oleifera

Abstract

In current study, different feeding levels of Moringa oleifera formulated diet was compared to analyze the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency and gut microbiology of Oreochromis niloticus. The study was comprised of four treatment groups including 4%, 8% and 12% Moringa oleifera and one control group which was devoid of Moringa leaves. The experimental trial was conducted at the Zoology laboratory of Pakistan Institute of Applied and Social Sciences, (PIASS) Kasur. The physicochemical parameters of water such as temperature, dissolve oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids and salinity in all aquaria were found non-significantly different from each other. In control condition T1, the average weight gain was 14.89±16.90a grams, while average length gain was 11.52±7.444a cm. However, the total viable count on Eosin methylene blue was 7.4×107, 5.8×107 on Tryptic soy agar and 5.8×107on Nutrient agar. In T2, the average weight gain was 16.22±16.09b grams and average length gain was 12.97±7.79b cm. The total viable count on Eosin methylene blue was 7×107, 5.5×107 on Tryptic soy agar and 5.8×107on Nutrient agar. In T3, the average weight gain was 37.88±27.43c grams, while the average length gain was recorded as 16.48±12.56c cm. However, the total viable count for treatment 3 was 6.4×10 on Eosin methylene blue, 4.8×107 on Tryptic soy agar and 5.2×107on Nutrient agar. In T4, the average weight gain was 44.22±31.67d grams, while the average length gain was 15.25±10.49d cm. The total viable count was 4.3×107on Eosin methylene blue, 3.1×107 on Tryptic soy agar and 3.8×107 on Nutrient agar. The effect of Moringa oleifera on the growth of Oreochromis niloticus was found to be significant and 12% Moringa extract showed maximum length and weight gain and minimum feed conversion ratio with the least microbial count in fish intestine.

Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Studies have reported that supplementation with 10% M. oleifera had no negative effect on the growth performance of Nile tilapia [27]. A study also found that 12% of M. oleifera added to Nile tilapia diets can significantly improve growth performance [28]. However, unlike in this experiment, these two experimental fish were reared in the laboratory conditions, and the total feed intake was limited.…”

Growing juvenile beluga and its hybrids with sterlet in environmentally friendly conditions

“…Beluga is an extremely rare species of the sturgeon family, which is included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The mass of the beluga can reach a value of about 1.5 tons, in connection with which the beluga is considered to be the largest freshwater fish, occupying one of the leading positions in terms of size among bone fish [1,8].…”

“…Feed costs with normalized feeding are 1.5-2.0 kg per 1 kg of fish growth. The effectiveness of feeding largely depends on the thoroughness of control over the thermal and hydrochemical regime of water, the growth of fish, their food intake, as well as on the correctness and timeliness of adjusting the rationed feeding program, taking into account changing environmental conditions [7][8][9]. The size of the pellets should correspond to the weight of the fish (Table 2).…”

“…Sturgeon under artificial feeding (aquarian conditions) and in pond farms differ quite significantly in terms of growth [1,[8][9]. The results of fish growth are presented in Table 3.…”