2021
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.732953
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Morphometric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cervical Spinal Canal and Cord in Normal Small-Breed Dogs

Abstract: Cervical spinal disease is one of the most common neurological disorders in small-breed dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common test for dogs with cervical spinal diseases. However, there is no information on cervical spinal canal and cord using MRI in normal small-breed dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to perform analyses to establish morphologic MRI reference ranges of the cervical spinal canal and cord in normal small-breed dogs. Cervical MRI examinations were taken in 20 client-owned small dogs… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…However, Sara et al, 2022 measured the spinal cord-to-canal area ratio at the mid-body of C5, L1 level in French bulldogs with CT and revealed that the thoracolumbar region had a relatively smaller spinal cord-to-canal ratio compared to the cervical region [18]. Also, in this MRI study, the cord-to-canal CSA ratio was between 0.524 and 0.56 in the T13-L1 and L1-L2 area, which was smaller than the cord-to-canal CSA ratio of 0.58-0.60 in the C5, C5-C6, and C6 level of the previous MRI morphometric study on normal small dogs [17]. These results follow the suggestion that the epidural area, which means the area within the spinal canal that excludes the spinal cord, is not smaller in the thoracolumbar region than in the cervical region.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 67%
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“…However, Sara et al, 2022 measured the spinal cord-to-canal area ratio at the mid-body of C5, L1 level in French bulldogs with CT and revealed that the thoracolumbar region had a relatively smaller spinal cord-to-canal ratio compared to the cervical region [18]. Also, in this MRI study, the cord-to-canal CSA ratio was between 0.524 and 0.56 in the T13-L1 and L1-L2 area, which was smaller than the cord-to-canal CSA ratio of 0.58-0.60 in the C5, C5-C6, and C6 level of the previous MRI morphometric study on normal small dogs [17]. These results follow the suggestion that the epidural area, which means the area within the spinal canal that excludes the spinal cord, is not smaller in the thoracolumbar region than in the cervical region.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 67%
“…Based on this, the spinal cord-to-canal CSA ratio was calculated as the product of the spinal cord height and width divided by the product of the spinal canal height and width, assuming the ellipse shape of the spinal canal and cord. This differs from the manual tracing methods of the CSA area, which have been applied in other studies [17]. The reason for choosing this new method was the elliptical shape of the canine spinal cord compared to humans and the expectation that it would result in fewer errors compared to the previous method.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A fairly large number of diagnostic-imaging-based (computed tomography (CT) and MRI) studies have focused on the morphology of the skull and craniocervical region of the CKCS and other mostly brachycephalic and small or toy breed dogs in relation to disorders such as atlantoaxial instability, atlantoaxial overlapping, and CM/SM [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. These studies have provided valuable information on the pathogenesis of and relationships between these disorders.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%