Morphometric study of the human endometrium following continuous exposure to levonorgestrel released from vaginal rings during 90 days

Johannisson, E.; Brosens, Ivo; Cornillie, F. J.; Elder, M. G.; White, John O.; Sheppard, B. L.; Hourihan, Helena M.; d’Arcangues, Catherine; Belsey, E M

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(91)90074-p

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, some authors have reported that numbers of endometrial glands do not change during the natural cycle (Johannisson et al 1987, 1991, Wahab et al 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphometry has been successfully used to monitor pathological changes in the bovine endometrium (Gonzalez et al 1985) and to study the effects of drugs and hormones on human endometrium (Johannisson et al 1991). Recent developments in morphometrics have made the quantification of cyclic changes in endometrium feasible, and using these methods, it has been possible to identify the morphological changes occurring during the follicular and luteal phases in the human and ruminant uterus (Wahab et al 1999, Dhaliwal et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantitative analysis of changes in endometrial gland morphology during the bovine oestrous cycle and their association with progesterone levels

Wang¹,

Robinson²,

Flint³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study describes a digital technique for uterine morphometry and its application to endometrial structure during the bovine oestrous cycle. Neither the number nor the size of uterine gland ducts changed during the cycle but a reduction in total endometrial area from days 0 to 8 after oestrus led to an increase in the proportion of the endometrium occupied by gland ducts (gland duct density). This effect on day 8 was maintained to day 16. When endometrial morphology was related to circulating progesterone concentrations on days 5 and 8 of the luteal phase, no relationships were found on day 5, but on day 8, a high progesterone concentration was associated with an increased number of gland ducts. Furthermore, in animals slaughtered on day 8, a high progesterone concentration on day 5 was associated with decreased gland duct size, though a simultaneous decrease in endometrial area led to an increase in gland duct density. The results suggest that contrary to expectation, endometrial glands do not grow and regress during the oestrous cycle, although cyclic changes in endometrial area controlled by progesterone lead to changes in gland duct density.

show abstract

“…However, some authors have reported that numbers of endometrial glands do not change during the natural cycle (Johannisson et al 1987, 1991, Wahab et al 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of changes in endometrial gland morphology during the bovine oestrous cycle and their association with progesterone levels

Wang¹,

Robinson²,

Flint³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, with use of the previous 20 μg/d LNG IVR, during which approximately 40%–60% of women continued to ovulate normally,24,60 bleeding disturbances were less likely – at approximately 17% 80. This hypothesis is further supported by prior studies of LNG and norethisterone IVR users,82–84 showing that anovulation was associated with disrupted bleeding patterns. It has previously and recently been recommended that to decrease breakthrough bleeding, one should increase the progestin dose,30,81 but we believe that the opposite is true.…”

Section: Side Effects Associated With Ivrsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…It has previously and recently been recommended that to decrease breakthrough bleeding, one should increase the progestin dose,30,81 but we believe that the opposite is true. By lowering the progestin dose, the main contraceptive action would be local,65 and breakthrough bleeding would be minimized by allowing normal ovulatory cycles and physiologic estrogen and progesterone levels 82–84…”

Section: Side Effects Associated With Ivrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravaginal rings as delivery systems for microbicides and multipurpose prevention technologies

Thurman

Clark

Hurlburt³

et al. 2013

IJWH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a renewed interest in delivering pharmaceutical products via intravaginal rings (IVRs). IVRs are flexible torus-shaped drug delivery systems that can be easily inserted and removed by the woman and that provide both sustained and controlled drug release, lasting for several weeks to several months. In terms of women’s health care products, it has been established that IVRs effectively deliver contraceptive steroids and steroids for the treatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. A novel application for IVRs is the delivery of antiretroviral drugs for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genital infection. Microbicides are antiviral drugs delivered topically for HIV prevention. Recent reviews of microbicide IVRs have focused on technologies in development and optimizing ring design. IVRs have several advantages, including the ability to deliver sustained drug doses for long periods of time while bypassing first pass metabolism in the gut. IVRs are discreet, woman-controlled, and do not require a trained provider for placement or fitting. Previous data support that women and their male sexual partners find IVRs highly acceptable. Multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) products provide protection against unintended/mistimed pregnancy and reproductive tract infections, including HIV. Several MPT IVRs are currently in development. Early clinical testing of new microbicide and MPT IVRs will require a focus on safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Specifically, IVRs will have to deliver tissue concentrations of drugs that are pharmacodynamically active, do not cause mucosal alterations or inflammation, and do not change the resident microbiota. The emergence of resistance to antiretrovirals will need to be investigated. IVRs should not disrupt intercourse or have high rates of expulsion. Herein, we reviewed the microbicide and MPT IVRs currently in development, with a focus on the clinical aspects of IVR assessment and the challenges facing microbicide and MPT IVR product development, clinical testing, and implementation. The information in this review was drawn from PubMed searches and a recent microbicide/MPT product development workshop organized by CONRAD.

show abstract

Mechanisms Underlying Menstrual Bleeding Disturbances with Progestogens

Hickey

d’Arcangues

New Mechanisms for Tissue-Selective Estrogen-Free Contraception

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Morphometric study of the human endometrium following continuous exposure to levonorgestrel released from vaginal rings during 90 days

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Quantitative analysis of changes in endometrial gland morphology during the bovine oestrous cycle and their association with progesterone levels

Quantitative analysis of changes in endometrial gland morphology during the bovine oestrous cycle and their association with progesterone levels

Intravaginal rings as delivery systems for microbicides and multipurpose prevention technologies

Mechanisms Underlying Menstrual Bleeding Disturbances with Progestogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About