Morphometry and gyrification in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A comparative MRI study

Madeira, Nuno; Duarte, João Valente; Martins, Ricardo; Costa, Gabriel Nascimento Ferreira da; Macedo, A.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102220

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with many previous studies (e.g., [27,48]) although the recent study [14] of the direct comparison found no significant volume differences between the two groups. Our findings suggest that the lateralized hippocampal volume abnormal-ity is related to the development of SZ and BD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, the identification of anatomical and functional biomarkers is crucial for differentiating SZ and BD patients to optimize pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for each condition [ 11 ]. Subcortical and cortical abnormalities in psychoses have been reported extensively, and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well-suited for detecting subtle brain structural differences in these populations [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. A gold standard approach in MRI research is the use of neuroanatomically defined and manually delineated regions of interest (ROIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Sato

Hirano

Hirakawa

et al. 2021

JPM

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Since patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share many biological features, detecting biomarkers that differentiate SZ and BD patients is crucial for optimized treatments. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitable for detecting subtle brain structural differences in patients with psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we adopted a neuroanatomically defined and manually delineated region of interest (ROI) method to evaluate the amygdalae, hippocampi, Heschl’s gyrus (HG), and planum temporale (PT), because these regions are crucial in the development of SZ and BD. ROI volumes were measured using high resolution MRI in 31 healthy subjects (HS), 23 SZ patients, and 21 BD patients. Right hippocampal volumes differed significantly among groups (HS > BD > SZ), whereas left hippocampal volumes were lower in SZ patients than in HS and BD patients (HS = BD > SZ). Volumes of the amygdalae, HG, and PT did not differ among the three groups. For clinical correlations, there were no significant associations between ROI volumes and demographics/clinical symptoms. Our study revealed significant lower hippocampal volume in patients with SZ and BD, and we suggest that the right hippocampal volume is a potential biomarker for differentiation between SZ and BD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Sato

Hirano

Hirakawa

et al. 2021

JPM

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“…Diffusiontensor imaging also found SMG changes: reduced and augmented fractional anisotropy in SCZ and BPD, respectively, with increased mean diffusivity of grey matter in both [56]. In a recent study with innovative morphometric measures such as gyrification, exploring the present sample, we found increased SMG gyrification in BPD, while in SCZ it was reduced [57].…”

Section: Smgsupporting

confidence: 76%

A Fundamental Distinction in Early Neural Processing of Implicit Social Interpretation in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Madeira

Martins

Duarte

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Social cognition impairment is a key phenomenon in serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD). Although genetic and neurobiological studies have suggested common neural correlates, here we hypothesized that a fundamental dissociation of social processing occurs at an early level in these conditions. Methods: Based on the hypothesis that key structures in the social brain, namely the temporoparietal junction, should present distinctive features in SCZ and BPD during low-level social judgment, we conducted a case-control study in SCZ (n=20) and BPD (n=20) patients and controls (n=20), using task-based fMRI during a Theory-of-Mind (ToM) visual paradigm leading to interpretation of social meaning based on simple geometric figures. Results: We found opposite neural responses in two core ToM regions: SCZ patients showed social content-related deactivation (relative to controls and BPD) of the right supramarginal gyrus, a region which activity is required to overcome egocentric overmentalizing, while the opposite pattern was found in BPD; reverse patterns, relative to controls and SCZ, were found in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus, a region involved in inferring others intentions. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed 88% accuracy in discriminating the two clinical groups based on these neural responses. Conclusions: These contrasting activation patterns of the temporoparietal junction in SCZ and BPD represent mechanistic differences of social cognitive dysfunction that may be explored as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

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“…Images were processed and analyzed using SPM12 (Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, London, UK; http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/) and CAT12 toolbox (Structural Brain Mapping Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; http://dbm.neuro.uni-jena.de/cat/), as it offers processing and analysis pipelines for both voxel-based morphometry (VBM) as well as surface-based morphometry (SBM) (including cortical thickness and gyrification index). This toolbox has been previously used and validated in morphometric studies in clinical populations, including by our own group [Madeira et al, 2020].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel morphometric signature of brain alterations in type 2 diabetes: patterns of changed cortical gyrification

Crisóstomo

Duarte

Moreno

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that creates atrophic signatures in the brain, including decreases of total and regional volume of grey matter, white matter, and cortical thickness. However, there is a lack of studies assessing cortical gyrification in type 2 diabetes. Changes in this emerging feature has been associated mainly with genetic legacy, but environmental factors may also play a role. Here, we investigated alterations of the gyrification index and classical morphometric measures in type 2 diabetes, a disease with complex etiology with both underlying genetic and more preponderant environmental factors. In this cross-sectional study we analyzed brain anatomical magnetic resonance images of 86 participants with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy control participants, to investigate structural alterations in type 2 diabetes, including whole-brain volumetric measures, local alterations of grey matter volume, cortical thickness and the gyrification index. We found concordant significant decrements in total and regional grey matter volume, and cortical thickness. Surprisingly, the cortical gyrification index was found to be mainly increased in cortical sensory areas in type 2 diabetes. Moreover, it correlated with features of metabolic control. Our findings challenge the classical neurodevelopmental association of gyrification mostly with genetic determinants. While we found mainly increased gyrification in more genetically constrained sensory areas in type 2 diabetes, our correlation results concurrently suggest an influence of metabolic control in alterations of gyrification in type 2 diabetes. Further studies should address causal influences of genetic and/or environmental factors in patterns of cortical gyrification in type 2 diabetes.

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Morphometry and gyrification in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A comparative MRI study

Cited by 32 publications

References 71 publications

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

A Fundamental Distinction in Early Neural Processing of Implicit Social Interpretation in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

A novel morphometric signature of brain alterations in type 2 diabetes: patterns of changed cortical gyrification

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