Mortality among subjects previously apprehended for driving under the influence of traffic-hazardous medicinal drugs

Hausken, Anne Margrethe; Christophersen, Asbjørg S.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.014

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The use of BZDs and later mortality has been studied in general populations (77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82) and in subgroups such as patients dependent on prescription drugs (83), drug misusers (84) or drugged drivers (85,86). The sources of information on drug use were questionnaires, interviews, diagnosed dependency or results from blood tests taken from drivers.…”

Section: Benzodiazepine Use and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apprehension on suspicion of driving under the influence of drugs, combined with detection of BZDs or z-hypnotics in the blood, seems to indicate an elevated risk of premature death (85).…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, one study covered drug misusers in treatment centres with a definition of BZD use as "weekly or more frequent use" (84); one study covered BZD dependent users with no further definition of use , and two studies were of drugged drivers (85,86). Secondly, the number of BZDs included in the studies varied and some studies were not restricted to BZDs, as either the sleeping pills included were not specified (79) or tranquillisers in general were studied, meaning that antipsychotics were included (78).…”

Section: Daily Users Of Anxiolytics or Hypnotics Show Higher Crude Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study like most other studies relied on information about BZD use given from participants, and this probably captured prescribed BZDs. On the other hand one study focused on non-prescribed BZDs, according to information from drug misusers recruited to treatment programmes (84), and this may also have been the case for the studies of BZD dependents or drugged drivers (83,85,86).…”

Section: Daily Users Of Anxiolytics or Hypnotics Show Higher Crude Momentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs and total mortality in a general middle‐aged population

Hausken

Skurtveit

Tverdal

2007

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs on total mortality in a general population.MethodsWe followed a cohort of 7225 men and 7726 women aged 40–42 years who underwent health surveys in 1985–1989 in two Norwegian counties, with respect to deaths. Mean follow‐up period was 18 years. The subjects were categorised according to frequency of anxiolytic or hypnotic drug use during the last month: daily, every week, less than every week and not used during the last month.ResultsThe proportion of anxiolytic or hypnotic drug users was 6.6% among men and 16.2% among women. Altogether 402 men and 290 women died. There was an increase in risk of death with an increase in frequency of use. Crude hazard ratios for men and women daily using anxiolytics or hypnotics were 3.1 (95%CI 2.0, 4.8) and 2.7 (1.9, 4.0), respectively, as compared with non‐users last month. After adjusting painkiller use and smoking the hazard ratios were lowered, being 2.4 (1.5–4.0) (men) and 2.1 (1.4–3.2) (women). After additional adjustments for other possible confounders the hazard ratios were further attenuated to 1.5 (0.9–2.7) for men and 1.7 (1.1–2.6) for women.ConclusionsDaily users of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs in our study showed higher crude mortality than non‐users. However, after adjusting lifestyle and socio‐economic variables the difference was markedly reduced suggesting that the remaining excess mortality is due to residual confounding. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Benzodiazepine Use and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apprehension on suspicion of driving under the influence of drugs, combined with detection of BZDs or z-hypnotics in the blood, seems to indicate an elevated risk of premature death (85).…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Daily Users Of Anxiolytics or Hypnotics Show Higher Crude Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Daily Users Of Anxiolytics or Hypnotics Show Higher Crude Momentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs and total mortality in a general middle‐aged population

Hausken

Skurtveit

Tverdal

2007

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Some studies have shown that the misuse of benzodiazepines is associated with several negative risk factors and behaviours [2,3]. While less is known about the consequences of the therapeutic use of benzodiazepines, a recent study refuted any strong association between prenatal therapeutic use of benzodiazepines and lower language competence in offspring at age 3 years [4].…”

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confidence: 99%