Mortality in Prisons: The Experience of the Bureau of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) (1993–2017)

Abstract

We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths that took place in prisons in Milan between 1993 and 2017, by identifying cases from a total of 24,101 autopsies that were performed at the Section of Forensic Medicine of the University of Milan. From the archives of this institution, we found 227 autopsy reports relating to deaths that had taken place in one of Milan’s three detention facilities. These deaths were divided into two types: natural deaths ( n=135; 59.5%) and violent deaths ( n=92; 40.5%). The groups have different characteristics: while natural deaths mostly resulted from cardiovascular diseases, suicides were mainly the result of hanging. Further, people who died by suicide often had a history of psychiatric disease and/or drug abuse, and over a quarter of them had previous suicide attempts and/or had declared suicidal intentions. This study confirms the need for good quality healthcare services for prisoners, given that they remain a population at high risk of early death.

Postmortem forensic toxicology cases: A retrospective review from Milan, Italy

“…At the Bureau of Legal Medicine of the University of Milan other records were already performed, overviews on suicides and natural deaths in prison [9], suicides [10,11], and homicides [11,12], but none of them reports a study on toxicological findings obtained from forensic investigations performed on corpses. Therefore, in this paper, we present a retrospective study of the toxicological analyses performed at the Bureau of Legal Medicine of the University of Milan from 2018 to 2019.…”

“…At the Bureau of Legal Medicine of the University of Milan other records were already performed, overviews on suicides and natural deaths in prison [9], suicides [10,11], and homicides [11,12], but none of them reports a study on toxicological findings obtained from forensic investigations performed on corpses.…”

Editorial: Mental health in correctional and criminal justice systems (CCJS): exploring how diagnosis, treatment and cultural differences impact pathway through the CCJS

“…Another issue is deaths which occur while in prison custody or shortly afterwards. This is an ongoing issue that needs to be resolved, with more research, and better understanding of interventions required to improve the situation (7)(8)(9).…”