Mortality inequality in populations with equal life expectancy: Arriaga's decomposition method in SAS, Stata, and Excel

Auger, Nathalie; Feuillet, Pascaline; Martel, Sylvie; Lo, Ernest; Barry, Amadou; Harper, Sam

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.05.006

Cited by 53 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a second step, the contributions from each separate age group were parted into the contributions from each specific cause of death. By summing the contributions from each cause of death across all age groups, the total contributions from any given cause were obtained (Arriaga 1984; Auger et al 2014; Preston et al 2001). We decomposed the difference in life expectancy between (1) men in 1997 and 2014, (2) women in 1997 and 2014, (3) men and women in 1997, and (4) men and women in 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is the gender gap in life expectancy decreasing? The impact of age- and cause-specific mortality in Sweden 1997–2014

Sundberg

Agahi

Fritzell

et al. 2018

Int J Public Health

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ObjectivesTo enhance the understanding of the current increase in life expectancy and decreasing gender gap in life expectancy.MethodsWe obtained data on underlying cause of death from the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden for 1997 and 2014 and used Arriaga’s method to decompose life expectancy by age group and 24 causes of death.ResultsDecreased mortality from ischemic heart disease had the largest impact on the increased life expectancy of both men and women and on the decreased gender gap in life expectancy. Increased mortality from Alzheimer’s disease negatively influenced overall life expectancy, but because of higher female mortality, it also served to decrease the gender gap in life expectancy. The impact of other causes of death, particularly smoking-related causes, decreased in men but increased in women, also reducing the gap in life expectancy.ConclusionsThis study shows that a focus on overall changes in life expectancies may hide important differences in age- and cause-specific mortality. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce avoidable mortality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is the gender gap in life expectancy decreasing? The impact of age- and cause-specific mortality in Sweden 1997–2014

Sundberg

Agahi

Fritzell

et al. 2018

Int J Public Health

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“…Decomposition methods have been widely applied in research to partition the absolute difference in life expectancy or lifespan variation into age components (Auger et al, 2014, Shkolnikov et al, 2011, van Raalte et al, 2014). This approach is appropriate for decomposing, by age, differences in any aggregate measure that is estimated from age-specific mortality rates and accounts for all ages including the oldest open ended age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore the desired negative correlation between increasing life expectancy and decreasing lifespan variation is contingent upon more compression than expansion (Shkolnikov et al, 2011). Hence countries reaching the same level of life expectancy at different times can do so with underlying differences in age specific mortality rates, resulting in different levels of lifespan variation (Auger et al, 2014, Nau and Firebaugh, 2012, Shkolnikov et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing inequality in age of death at shared levels of life expectancy: A comparative study of Scotland and England and Wales

Seaman

Leyland

Popham

2016

SSM - Population Health

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There is a strong negative correlation between increasing life expectancy and decreasing lifespan variation, a measure of inequality. Previous research suggests that countries achieving a high level of life expectancy later in time generally do so with lower lifespan variation than forerunner countries. This may be because they are able to capitalise on lessons already learnt. However, a few countries achieve a high level of life expectancy later in time with higher inequality. Scotland appears to be such a country and presents an interesting case study because it previously experienced lower inequality when reaching the same level of life expectancy as its closest comparator England and Wales. We calculated life expectancy and lifespan variation for Scotland and England and Wales for the years 1950 to 2012, comparing Scotland to England and Wales when it reached the same level of life expectancy later on in time, and assessed the difference in the level of lifespan variation. The lifespan variation difference between the two countries was then decomposed into age-specific components. Analysis was carried out for males and females separately. Since the 1950s Scotland has achieved the same level of life expectancy at least ten years later in time than England and Wales. Initially it did so with lower lifespan variation. Following the 1980s Scotland has been achieving the same level of life expectancy later in time than England and Wales and with higher inequality, particularly for males. Decomposition revealed that higher inequality is partly explained by lower older age mortality rates but primarily by higher premature adult age mortality rates when life expectancy is the same. Existing studies suggest that premature adult mortality rates are strongly associated with the social determinants of health and may be amenable to social and economic policies. So addressing these policy areas may have benefits for both inequality and population health in Scotland.

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“…Life expectancy also serves as an indicator of public health because of its capacity to summarize mortality in a single measure (Auger et al, 2014).a This measure, which was proposed in the 1960s and developed in the 1970s (Manton, 1982;Sanders, 1964), can thus be used to assess morbidity in a population (Bone, 1992;Sullivan, 1971). It has been proposed that life expectancy is influenced by multiple factors, with environmental and socio-economic factors considered to be two of the most important (Christensen and Vaupel, 1996;Cournil and Kirkwood, 2001;Gonos, 2000;Hosseinpoor et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2009;Kawata, 2009;Sun et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health in China: An environmental and socio-economic perspective

Song

Hao

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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Mortality inequality in populations with equal life expectancy: Arriaga's decomposition method in SAS, Stata, and Excel

Cited by 53 publications

References 18 publications

Why is the gender gap in life expectancy decreasing? The impact of age- and cause-specific mortality in Sweden 1997–2014

Why is the gender gap in life expectancy decreasing? The impact of age- and cause-specific mortality in Sweden 1997–2014

Increasing inequality in age of death at shared levels of life expectancy: A comparative study of Scotland and England and Wales

Public health in China: An environmental and socio-economic perspective

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