Morus rubra Extract Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung and Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract

Objective: Cancer is one of the most deadly types of disease and evasion from apoptosis and unstoppable cell proliferation are accepted as its distinctive features. Many studies have evaluated the cytotoxic effect of different Morus species but, there is no study about cytotoxic effect of Morus rubra. In this study we aimed to evaluate phenolic composition, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of acidified dimethyl sulfoxide extract of M. rubra (AMRE). Method: Antioxidant properties, phenolic composition and cytotoxic effect of AMRE were determined using spectrophotometric methods, HPLC, and MTT assay, respectively. Then, mechanisms of cytotoxic effect of AMRE on human prostate (PC-3) and lung (A549) cancer cells were examined in regard to cell cycle, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometric methods. Results: Total phenolic content and reducing power values were 11.9 mg gallic acid equivalents and 42.9 mg trolox equivalents per g sample, respectively. Ascorbic and gallic acid were detected in AMRE as major antioxidant compounds. We determined that AMRE increased cell cycle arrest at G 1 phase and exhibited apoptotic features via decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential in both prostate and lung cancer cells. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that M. rubra extract can affect the behavior of human prostate and lung cancer cells in vitro conditions, and this effect now needs to be investigated in vivo.

Selective Cytotoxic Effect of Dorycnium pentaphyllum Extract on Human Breast, Liver, and Lung Cancer Cells

“…(Demir et al, 2018b). Selectivity (no toxic effects on normal cells) and effectiveness (high efficacy against multiple cancers) are the desired two main proterties from an effective anticancer agent (Turan et al, 2017b;Demir et al, 2016b). The cytotoxic effect of the D. pentaphyllum extract was therefore examined on three cancer and a normal cell line using the MTT assay.…”

“…Dose-response curves were drawn using logconcentration versus cell viability values. IC50 values were determined using these curves (Demir et al, 2017b). Selectivity index in all cancer cell lines were determined by the following formula using IC50 values obtained for extract and cisplatin.…”

Antioxidant Properties of Primula vulgaris Flower Extract and Its Cytotoxic Effect on Human Cancer Cell Lines

“…WHO reports that between 2005 and 2015 approximately 84 million people lost their lives due to cancer (Behzad et al, 2014). While chemotherapy is one of the most used method for the treatment of cancer, it has many serious side effects, including drug resistance, toxicity, and low specificity (Turan et al, 2015a;Turan et al, 2017c). Natural products are therefore looked at as potential raw materials for new drug discovery, and phenolic compounds found in natural products come to the forefront with their structures and activities.…”

Primula vulgaris extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervix cancer cells

“…Numerous methods, such as trypan blue, MTT assay, neutral red, and lactate dehydrogenase, are frequently used for the determination of cell viability, proliferation rates, and cytotoxicity. In order to determine the cytotoxic effect of the extract, we employ the MTT, a reliable, sensitive, quantitative, and colorimetric method, previously used in similar studies [5] , [14] , [15] . P. vulgaris flower extract exhibited selective toxicity (2.7-fold) against HeLa cells compared to normal fibroblast cells.…”

“…MTT assay with a 72 h treatment time was employed to measure the cytotoxic effects of P. vulgaris flower extract and cisplatin on human cervical cancer and normal fibroblast cells [13] , [14] . Briefly, HeLa and fibroblast cells were seeded into flat-bottomed 96-well cell culture plates at 1 × 10 4 and 2 × 10 3 cells per well, respectively.…”