Most important epidemiological tuberculosis indicators in the beginning of the III Millennium

Abstract

Tuberculosis in the beginning of the third Millennium continues to be a major threat to humanity. Its burden in the world is significant and is characterized by great morbidity, mortality, and prevalence. The structure of newly diagnosed tuberculosis in the Russian Federation is 90,4% represented by respiratory tuberculosis and 9,6% by extrapulmonary tuberculosis. These indicators reflect the state of early detection of tuberculosis in the regions and the country as a whole. In tuberculosis of respiratory organs, the proportion of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which proceeds with destruction- patients with disintegration in the lungs and with fibrous-cavernous processes is analyzed. In 2015, the registered incidence in Russia declined to 57,7 per 100000 population. It was different in various regions of Russia, which is associated with demographic and socio-economic conditions. The incidence of tuberculosis is also indicated by the high incidence rate in young and middle age with a predominance among men. Patients releasing mycobacterium tuberculosis with sputum represent the greatest danger. At the beginning of the III millennium in Russia, the incidence of tuberculosis with the isolation of the pathogen by any method was 35 per 100,000 population (for bacterioscopy - 23-24, for inoculation - 41,8). A major problem of modern phthisiology, which hardens effective treatment, is the problem of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs - multiple and broad drug resistance. High mortality in tuberculosis is observed in African, East- Mediterranean and South-East Asian regions - more than 40 per 100000 population. In Russia in 2015, the mortality rate for tuberculosis was less than 10 per 100000 population. Thus, there is a constant need in further improvement of principles of active control of this socially significant disease.